Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 16, 2026
09:32
Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
Published on: April 12, 2019
Las baldosas decagonales y cuasi cristalinas en la arquitectura islámica medieval
Peter J Lu1, Paul J Steinhardt
1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. plu@fas.harvard.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 27, 2007
Resumen
Los arquitectos islámicos medievales desarrollaron un nuevo método para crear patrones girih utilizando azulejos geométricos hacia el año 1200 EC. Esta innovación condujo a diseños complejos, incluyendo patrones cuasi-cristalinos siglos antes de su descubrimiento occidental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La historia del arte, la historia del arte.
- Análisis de patrones geométricos Análisis de patrones geométricos
- Diseño arquitectónico Diseño arquitectónico.
Sus antecedentes:
- La comprensión tradicional de los patrones girih en la arquitectura islámica.
- Métodos anteriores de dibujo de diseños geométricos usando rectángulo y brújula.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar un cambio conceptual en el diseño de los patrones girih alrededor de 1200 CE.
- Para analizar la evolución de la complejidad del patrón girih y su conexión con estructuras cuasi-cristalinas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de patrones históricos girih y planos arquitectónicos.
- Reconstrucción de procesos de diseño basados en principios geométricos.
- Comparación de los patrones islámicos con los descubrimientos occidentales de cuasi-cristales.
Principales resultados:
- Los patrones Girih fueron reconcebidos como teselaciones de "garrapatas girih" (poligones equiláteros) hacia el año 1200 d.C.
- Este enfoque basado en azulejos facilitó la creación de complejos patrones de girih periódicos.
- En el siglo XV, las transformaciones auto-similares se combinaron con las teselaciones, dando como resultado patrones cuasi-cristalinos.
Conclusiones:
- Un avance conceptual significativo ocurrió en el diseño geométrico islámico alrededor del año 1200 EC.
- El uso de las baldosas girih es anterior a la comprensión occidental de las teselaciones y los cuasi-cristales.
- El diseño arquitectónico islámico demostró principios matemáticos y geométricos avanzados siglos por delante de su tiempo.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
02:46Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
02:42Ionic Crystal Structures
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
01:24The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview
Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific requirements are not imposed on the...
02:22Structures of Solids
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
01:18Unit Cells
A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
01:20Masonry Curtain Walls
Masonry curtain walls employ brick or stone veneers supported by the building's structure to form an external cladding system that is both aesthetically appealing and functional. These walls are erected through two principal techniques, first by traditional layering of masonry units and second by using prefabricated panels. Traditional construction relies on steel shelf angles attached to the spandrel beam for support, with high-bond mortars ensuring secure attachment of masonry veneer units.