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Efecto del asesoramiento post-prueba del VIH en la incidencia de ETS

J M Zenilman¹, B Erickson, R Fox

¹Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Md.

|February 12, 1992

Resumen

La prueba del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y el asesoramiento no redujeron significativamente las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) posteriores. Tanto los pacientes VIH-positivos como los VIH-negativos tenían altas tasas de repetición de ETS, lo que pone de relieve un desafío de salud pública.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.

Sus antecedentes:

La prueba del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y el asesoramiento son intervenciones cruciales de salud pública.
Comprender el impacto de estas intervenciones en los comportamientos subsiguientes de alto riesgo, como las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS), es esencial para estrategias de prevención efectivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la efectividad de las pruebas de VIH y el asesoramiento post-prueba en la reducción de los comportamientos subsiguientes de alto riesgo, específicamente la incidencia de ETS.
Para comparar la incidencia de ETS en pacientes VIH-seropositivos versus pacientes VIH-seronegativos después de las pruebas y el asesoramiento.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una revisión gráfica de 868 pacientes VIH-seropositivos y 1104 pacientes VIH-seronegativos en una clínica pública de ETS.
Los pacientes fueron emparejados por edad, sexo y mes de prueba del VIH y observados por ETS incidentes durante 6-23 meses después de la consejería.
Los diagnósticos de ETS se clasificaron jerárquicamente después de la notificación de los resultados de la prueba de VIH y la recepción de asesoramiento post-prueba.

Principales resultados:

Si bien el 71% de los pacientes VIH-seropositivos y el 63% de los pacientes VIH-seronegativos regresaron para recibir asesoramiento, se observaron tasas significativas de repetición de ETS en ambos grupos.
Los pacientes seropositivos al VIH tenían una tasa del 3,9% de probables ETS en comparación con el 10,2% en pacientes seronegativos al VIH (P < .001).
Una mayor proporción de pacientes seronegativos al VIH (3,3%) que de pacientes seropositivos al VIH (1,5%) reportaron una pareja sexual infectada por ETS (P < .03).

Conclusiones:

Tanto los individuos seropositivos como los seronegativos al VIH exhibieron altas tasas de repetición de ETS después del asesoramiento post-prueba.
Estos hallazgos subrayan un importante desafío de salud pública en el desarrollo de estrategias efectivas para prevenir comportamientos de alto riesgo y reducir la transmisión de ETS.

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