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Contribuciones recientes al nivel del mar de las capas de hielo de la Antártida y Groenlandia
Andrew Shepherd1, Duncan Wingham
1Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK. Andrew.Shepherd@edu.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 17, 2007
Resumen
Las capas de hielo de la Tierra en la Antártida y Groenlandia están perdiendo masa debido al aumento del derretimiento y el flujo de los glaciares, lo que contribuye al aumento del nivel del mar. Datos satelitales recientes revelan una descarga acelerada de hielo, impulsada por el calentamiento de las temperaturas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- * La glaciología.
- * Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
- * Ciencias del sistema terrestre Ciencias del sistema terrestre
Sus antecedentes:
- * Las capas de hielo polares (Antártida y Groenlandia) son componentes críticos del sistema climático global.
- * La exploración histórica de los polos se ha complementado con recientes mediciones satelitales que proporcionan nuevos conocimientos sobre la dinámica de las capas de hielo.
- * El aumento de la temperatura global influye en múltiples procesos de las capas de hielo, incluidas las nevadas, el derretimiento y el flujo de hielo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- * Para evaluar el actual equilibrio de masas de las principales capas de hielo de la Tierra.
- * Cuantificar la contribución de la pérdida de hielo de la Antártida y Groenlandia al aumento global del nivel del mar.
- * Investigar la aceleración de la descarga de hielo y sus potenciales impulsores.
Principales métodos:
- * Análisis de las mediciones satelitales de la última década.
- * Cuantificación de la pérdida de masa de hielo y su contribución al cambio del nivel del mar.
- * Evaluación de las variaciones regionales en los procesos de las capas de hielo.
Principales resultados:
- * La Antártida y Groenlandia están experimentando una pérdida total de masa, con un desequilibrio combinado de aproximadamente 125 gigatoneladas por año.
- * Esta pérdida de hielo contribuye con 0,35 milímetros por año al aumento global del nivel del mar.
- * El flujo acelerado de hielo de las corrientes de hielo y los glaciares se ha observado en ambos continentes en la última década.
Conclusiones:
- * La descarga acelerada de hielo, potencialmente desencadenada por el calentamiento de la superficie y los océanos, es un factor significativo en la pérdida de masa de la capa de hielo actual.
- * Estos procesos impulsados por el calentamiento pueden contrarrestar las ganancias de nieve predichas en el siglo XXI.
- * El monitoreo continuo de la dinámica de la capa de hielo es crucial para comprender los futuros cambios en el nivel del mar.
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