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Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

Genome Copying Errors

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

Gene Conversion

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

Inheritance

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...

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La co-herencia genética y la transferencia genética.

Yaniv Brandvain¹, Michael S Barker, Michael J Wade

¹Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. ybrandva@indiana.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 24, 2007

Resumen

La transferencia de genes mitocondriales al núcleo es más común en las plantas autodidactas que en las cruzadas. Esto desafía las teorías evolutivas, sugiriendo que el ego conserva las combinaciones de genes, facilitando la transferencia, mientras que el outcrossing las interrumpe.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Genética La genética.
La ciencia de las plantas es la ciencia de las plantas.

Sus antecedentes:

La transferencia de genes mitocondriales al núcleo varía según los taxones.
Las teorías existentes predicen que el cruce externo debería favorecer la transferencia de genes debido a la trinchera de Muller y la propagación más rápida de la mutación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre los modos de reproducción de las plantas y la incidencia de la transferencia de genes mitocondriales funcionales al núcleo.
Desafiar y refinar las teorías evolutivas actuales sobre la transferencia génica.

Principales métodos:

Análisis comparativo de la incidencia de la transferencia génica entre las diferentes estrategias de reproducción de las plantas (selfing, clonal, outcrossing).

Principales resultados:

La transferencia de genes funcionales es más frecuente en las plantas auto- y clonales en comparación con las plantas de cruce externo.
El patrón observado es contrario a las predicciones basadas en las teorías de propagación de mutaciones de Muller.

Conclusiones:

Los modos reproductivos influyen significativamente en la transferencia de genes mitocondriales.
La auto-reproducción y la reproducción vegetativa pueden conservar combinaciones de genes mitonucleares adaptativos, promoviendo la transferencia de genes.
Outcrossing puede prevenir la transferencia de genes al interrumpir estas combinaciones de genes co-adaptados.