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Muertes por peatones e hipotermia entre los nativos americanos en Nuevo México. Entre el bar y el hogar
M M Gallaher1, D W Fleming, L R Berger
1Office of Epidemiology, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe 87502.
JAMA
|March 11, 1992
Resumen
Los nativos americanos en Nuevo México experimentaron un mayor número de muertes por lesiones no intencionales, principalmente por hipotermia y accidentes de vehículos motorizados peatonales. Las políticas de alcohol en las reservas pueden contribuir a estos riesgos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Prevención de lesiones Prevención de lesiones.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los nativos americanos en Nuevo México exhiben tasas desproporcionadamente altas de muerte por lesiones no intencionales.
- Comprender las causas y circunstancias específicas de estas lesiones es crucial para los esfuerzos de prevención dirigidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la naturaleza y las causas del exceso de mortalidad por lesiones entre los nativos americanos en Nuevo México.
- Identificar tipos específicos de lesiones que contribuyen a las altas tasas de mortalidad en esta población.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión retrospectiva de los certificados de defunción para las muertes por lesiones no intencionales en los residentes de Nuevo México de 1980 a 1989.
- Análisis de las tasas de mortalidad por causa específica comparando a los nativos americanos con otros residentes del estado.
Principales resultados:
- La hipotermia y los accidentes de peatones con vehículos de motor representaron más de la mitad del exceso de muertes por lesiones no intencionales entre los nativos americanos.
- Los nativos americanos eran significativamente más propensos a morir de hipotermia (30 veces) y accidentes de peatones y vehículos motorizados (8 veces) en comparación con otros residentes.
- Las altas concentraciones de alcohol en la sangre prevalecían en el momento de la muerte, y la mayoría de los incidentes ocurrieron fuera de la reserva.
Conclusiones:
- Las prohibiciones a la venta de alcohol en muchas reservas de nativos americanos pueden obligar a viajar para el consumo de alcohol, aumentando los riesgos.
- Se sugiere que esta política es un factor probable que contribuye a las altas tasas de mortalidad por hipotermia y accidentes de vehículos de motor con peatones.
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