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A C Gange1, E G Gange, T H Sparks

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK. a.gange@rhul.ac.uk

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El cambio climático está alterando las estaciones de fructificación de hongos. Los macrofungos están apareciendo más temprano y persistiendo más tarde, con algunas especies que ahora dan fruto dos veces al año, lo que afecta los procesos del ecosistema.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología Ecología Ecología.
  • La micología de la micología.
  • Cambio climático Biología Cambio climático Biología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las respuestas ecológicas al cambio climático se estudian principalmente para eventos de primavera.
  • Los cambios ecológicos otoñales, especialmente en los microorganismos y hongos, siguen siendo poco investigados.
  • Comprender los impactos del cambio climático en la fructificación de hongos es crucial para la salud del ecosistema.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para analizar las tendencias a largo plazo en los patrones de fructificación macrofúngicos otoñales.
  • Investigar cómo el cambio climático afecta la fenología de fructificación de diferentes especies de hongos.
  • Evaluar las posibles consecuencias a nivel de ecosistema de la actividad fúngica alterada.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 56 años de datos de fructificación macrofúngica otoñal para 315 especies.
  • Comparación de los tiempos de fructificación (primera y última fechas) a través de décadas.
  • Examen de los patrones de fructificación en relación con el tipo de bosque (deciduo vs. conífera).

Principales resultados:

  • La fecha promedio de la primera fructificación de los macrofungos ha avanzado.
  • Se ha prorrogado la fecha promedio de la última fructificación.
  • Los hongos micorrícicos asociados con los árboles de hoja caduca mostraron un retraso en la fructificación, a diferencia de los de los bosques de coníferas.
  • Un número significativo de especies exhiben dos períodos de fructificación distintos anualmente.

Conclusiones:

  • El cambio climático está alterando significativamente la fenología de los hongos en otoño.
  • El aumento de la actividad micelial y el potencial para el decaimiento acelerado del ecosistema están indicados por patrones de fructificación alterados.
  • Se necesita más investigación sobre las respuestas microbianas al cambio climático.