Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Jul 7, 2026
10:44
Single Cell Multiplex Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction After Patch-clamp
Published on: June 20, 2018
El genoma del marsupial Monodelphis domestica revela innovación en secuencias no codificantes
Tarjei S Mikkelsen1, Matthew J Wakefield, Bronwen Aken
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. kersli@broad.mit.edu
Nature
|May 15, 2007
Resumen
El genoma gris de la zarigüeya de cola corta proporciona información sobre la evolución de los mamíferos. Este genoma de marsupial revela características cromosómicas distintas y resalta los transposones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Comparación de la genómica de los mamíferos.
Sus antecedentes:
- La zarigüeya gris de cola corta (Monodelphis domestica) es la primera especie de marsupial cuyo genoma ha sido secuenciado.
- Los marsupiales ofrecen una perspectiva evolutiva única en comparación con los mamíferos placentarios (eutherians).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar un proyecto de secuencia del genoma de alta calidad de Monodelphis domestica.
- Para analizar la organización del genoma y los patrones evolutivos en los mamíferos metateros.
- Para comparar los genomas de la zarigüeya y el eutherian para entender la innovación evolutiva de los mamíferos.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación de todo el genoma de Monodelphis domestica.
- Análisis genómico comparativo entre los genomas de la zarigüeya y el eutherian.
- Identificación y caracterización de los elementos no codificantes conservados (ENC).
Principales resultados:
- Los cromosomas de la zarigüeya exhiben características que apoyan las teorías sobre la evolución del genoma, incluida la conversión genética sesgada y la inactivación del cromosoma X.
- La innovación genética codificadora de proteínas es limitada, con diferencias principalmente por la diversificación de la familia de genes.
- Aproximadamente el 20% de los elementos no codificantes conservados de eutherian (CNEs) son nuevos, posteriores a la divergencia metatherian-eutherian, y muchos se originan a partir de elementos transponibles.
Conclusiones:
- El genoma de la zarigüeya ofrece información crucial sobre la evolución y la función del genoma de los mamíferos.
- Los elementos transponibles son impulsores significativos de la innovación evolutiva en la regulación genética de los mamíferos.
- Los elementos no codificantes muestran tasas más altas de invenciones evolutivas recientes que los genes codificantes de proteínas.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
02:31Synteny and Evolution
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
02:37Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
02:32Exon Recombination
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
01:08Evolution of Microbial Genome
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.