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Los orígenes de las principales enfermedades infecciosas humanas
Nathan D Wolfe1, Claire Panosian Dunavan, Jared Diamond
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1772, USA. nwolfe@ucla.edu
Nature
|May 18, 2007
Resumen
Nuevas enfermedades infecciosas surgieron después de la agricultura, con orígenes diferentes entre las regiones tropicales y templadas. Los animales domésticos y los primates silvestres jugaron un papel clave en la transmisión de enfermedades, con cinco etapas identificadas para la evolución de patógenos de animales a humanos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Antropología Antropología de la Antropología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Muchas de las principales enfermedades infecciosas humanas se originaron después del desarrollo de la agricultura.
- Estas enfermedades son desproporcionadamente de origen del Viejo Mundo.
- Comprender los orígenes de las enfermedades es crucial para la salud pública y la prevención de enfermedades.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los orígenes de las principales enfermedades infecciosas humanas.
- Para diferenciar las fuentes de las enfermedades tropicales frente a las de clima templado.
- Para dilucidar las vías evolutivas de los patógenos zoonóticos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de los orígenes de la enfermedad en diferentes regiones geográficas.
- Identificación de las etapas intermedias en la evolución del patógeno de los animales a los humanos.
- Revisión de datos históricos y epidemiológicos relacionados con las enfermedades infecciosas.
Principales resultados:
- Los orígenes de las enfermedades varían entre las regiones tropicales (por ejemplo, primates silvestres) y templadas (por ejemplo, animales domésticos).
- Se identificaron cinco etapas distintas para la transmisión zoonótica y la adaptación de los patógenos.
- El estudio destaca el impacto significativo de la agricultura y la domesticación de animales en la aparición de enfermedades humanas.
Conclusiones:
- La aparición de enfermedades infecciosas humanas está estrechamente relacionada con el desarrollo agrícola y las interacciones entre humanos y animales.
- La comprensión de las etapas de la evolución de los patógenos zoonóticos puede informar las estrategias de vigilancia y control de enfermedades.
- Propone una iniciativa para resolver los orígenes de las enfermedades y establecer un sistema global de alerta temprana para nuevos patógenos.
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