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Septins
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Conocimiento aritmético simbólico sin instrucción
Camilla K Gilmore1, Shannon E McCarthy, Elizabeth S Spelke
1Learning Sciences Research Institute, University of Nottingham, Wollaton Road, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK. camilla.gilmore@nottingham.ac.uk
Nature
|June 1, 2007
Resumen
Los niños pequeños pueden usar su sistema de números aproximados innato para realizar adiciones y sustracciones simbólicas. Este hallazgo sugiere nuevas formas de mejorar la educación temprana en matemáticas y superar las dificultades de aprendizaje.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
- Matemáticas Educación Educación Matemáticas
Sus antecedentes:
- La aritmética simbólica es crucial pero difícil de adquirir para los niños.
- Los adultos usan representaciones numéricas aproximadas para la aritmética mental.
- Los sistemas numéricos no simbólicos admiten cálculos aproximados en varios grupos de edad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si los niños pequeños pueden realizar aritmética simbólica utilizando su sistema numérico no simbólico.
- Explorar el potencial de las representaciones no simbólicas en la adquisición aritmética simbólica temprana.
Principales métodos:
- Los niños que se acercaban a la edad de instrucción aritmética fueron probados en problemas simbólicos de suma y resta.
- Los problemas involucraban cálculos aproximados con grandes números.
- Las pruebas se realizaron tanto en el laboratorio como en la escuela.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños resolvieron con éxito problemas simbólicos de suma y resta.
- El rendimiento se observó a través de diversos orígenes socioeconómicos.
- Los niños aprovecharon su sistema numérico no simbólico para tareas simbólicas.
Conclusiones:
- Las habilidades aritméticas simbólicas son accesibles a los niños antes de la instrucción algorítmica formal.
- Las representaciones numéricas no simbólicas son una base para la aritmética simbólica temprana.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen información sobre los desafíos de aprendizaje aritmético de los niños y las posibles intervenciones.
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