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El origen del bipedalismo humano como una adaptación para la locomoción en ramas flexibles
S K S Thorpe1, R L Holder, R H Crompton
1School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Resumen
El bipedalismo arbóreo, o caminar erguido en los árboles, permite a los orangutanes navegar en ramas flexibles. Este antiguo rasgo de los grandes simios, conservado en el bipedalismo humano, proporciona ventajas locomotoras únicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La locomoción de los primates es una locomoción de primates.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El bipedalismo humano se considera tradicionalmente como una evolución del cuadrupedalismo terrestre.
- Los datos paleontológicos emergentes sugieren orígenes arbóreos para las adaptaciones bípedas.
- El significado adaptativo del bipedismo arbóreo no está claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los beneficios adaptativos del bipedalismo arbóreo en los grandes simios.
- Comprender el significado funcional de la locomoción del orangután en soportes flexibles.
- Reevaluar los orígenes evolutivos del bípedismo humano.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis observacional de la locomoción del orangután en ramas flexibles.
- Análisis cinemático que compara las respuestas de los orangutanes a la flexibilidad de las ramas con otras especies de primates y corredores humanos.
- La biomecánica comparativa de la marcha de los primates.
Principales resultados:
- Los orangutanes utilizan una mayor extensión de rodilla y cadera en soportes flexibles, a diferencia de otros primates.
- Esta respuesta permite a los orangutanes acceder y atravesar soportes demasiado flexibles para otros primates arbóreos.
- El comportamiento locomotor del orangután en sustratos flexibles refleja las respuestas humanas en superficies de resorte.
Conclusiones:
- El bipedalismo arbóreo proporciona una clara ventaja adaptativa, permitiendo la navegación de sustratos difíciles.
- El bipedalismo humano puede representar la retención y explotación de un comportamiento locomotor ancestral de un gran simio.
- La evolución del bipedalismo humano podría estar enraizada en adaptaciones arbóreas en lugar de adaptarse únicamente a las terrestres.
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