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Lograr los objetivos de supervivencia infantil: contribución potencial de los trabajadores de salud comunitarios
Andy Haines1, David Sanders, Uta Lehmann
1Director's office, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. andy.haines@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|June 26, 2007
Resumen
Los trabajadores de salud comunitarios reducen significativamente la mortalidad infantil mediante el manejo de enfermedades y la prestación de atención preventiva. Los programas a gran escala requieren tareas enfocadas, capacitación y participación de la comunidad para el éxito y la sostenibilidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud global La salud global.
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Intervenciones de salud pública Intervenciones de salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Existe un renovado interés en el papel de los trabajadores comunitarios de salud (CHW) en la mejora de las tasas de supervivencia infantil.
- Los CHW realizan tareas críticas como el manejo de enfermedades infantiles (neumonía, malaria, sepsis neonatal) y la entrega de intervenciones preventivas (inmunización, promoción de la salud).
- La evidencia de los ensayos indica reducciones sustanciales en la mortalidad infantil vinculadas a las intervenciones comunitarias administradas por CHWs.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el impacto de los trabajadores comunitarios de la salud en la supervivencia infantil.
- Para resaltar los componentes necesarios para el éxito y la sostenibilidad de los programas de CHW a gran escala.
- Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de evaluar la efectividad y la rentabilidad del programa CHW.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los ensayos existentes y la literatura sobre las intervenciones de los trabajadores de la salud comunitaria para la supervivencia infantil.
- Análisis de las tareas realizadas por los CHW, incluida la gestión de casos y la prestación de atención preventiva.
- Examen de los factores que influyen en el éxito y la sostenibilidad de los programas de CHW.
Principales resultados:
- Las intervenciones de los trabajadores comunitarios de la salud, en particular la gestión de casos de enfermedades infantiles, muestran reducciones sustanciales en la mortalidad infantil.
- Los CHW son efectivos en la prestación de intervenciones preventivas como las inmunizaciones y la promoción de comportamientos saludables.
- Los programas de CHW exitosos requieren tareas enfocadas, capacitación adecuada, supervisión y participación de la comunidad.
Conclusiones:
- Los trabajadores comunitarios de la salud son un componente vital en el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud para la supervivencia infantil.
- Los CHW no son una solución independiente, sino que requieren infraestructura de apoyo y participación de la comunidad.
- La implementación a gran escala requiere una evaluación rigurosa de los factores de impacto, rentabilidad y sostenibilidad.
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