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Explicar la relación entre el orden de nacimiento y la inteligencia
Petter Kristensen1, Tor Bjerkedal
1National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. petter.kristensen@stami.no
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 26, 2007
Resumen
El orden de nacimiento no afecta la inteligencia; en cambio, el rango social de un niño dentro de la familia influye en sus puntuaciones de coeficiente de inteligencia (CI). Este hallazgo apoya la interacción familiar como el factor clave, no la posición al nacer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
- Desarrollo humano Desarrollo humano.
- Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- Numerosos estudios indican una asociación negativa entre el orden de nacimiento y los niveles de inteligencia.
- Las razones subyacentes de esta correlación siguen sin estar claras, con hipótesis que compiten.
- Las hipótesis incluyen la interacción / estimulación diferencial de la familia y los factores prenatales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la relación entre el orden de nacimiento, el rango social de la familia y las puntuaciones del cociente de inteligencia (CI).
- Diferenciar entre la interacción familiar y los factores prenatales como explicaciones de los efectos del orden de nacimiento en el coeficiente intelectual.
- Proporcionar evidencia empírica que apoye o refuta las hipótesis existentes.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las puntuaciones del cociente de inteligencia (CI) de una gran muestra de casi 250,000 reclutas militares.
- Examen estadístico de la correlación entre el orden de nacimiento y el coeficiente intelectual.
- Examen estadístico de la correlación entre el rango social familiar y el coeficiente intelectual.
Principales resultados:
- Se descubrió que los niveles de puntuación del cociente de inteligencia (CI) dependían del rango social dentro de la familia.
- No se observó una relación directa significativa entre el propio orden de nacimiento y las puntuaciones de CI.
- Los hallazgos apoyan las explicaciones basadas en la interacción familiar.
Conclusiones:
- El rango social dentro de la familia, más que el orden de nacimiento per se, es un factor significativo que influye en la inteligencia.
- La dinámica familiar y los patrones de interacción parecen desempeñar un papel crucial en el desarrollo cognitivo.
- Este estudio desafía las suposiciones anteriores que vinculan el orden de nacimiento directamente a las diferencias de inteligencia.
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