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Trasplante de genoma en bacterias: cambio de una especie a otra
Carole Lartigue1, John I Glass, Nina Alperovich
1J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Resumen
Los científicos trasplantaron un genoma bacteriano a otra especie, creando una célula con un genoma sintético. Este avance en la biología sintética allana el camino para la creación de formas de vida artificiales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología sintética Biología sintética.
- La genómica microbiana es una genómica microbiana.
- La reprogramación celular es la reprogramación celular.
Sus antecedentes:
- El trasplante del genoma bacteriano es un proceso complejo.
- Los métodos anteriores tienen limitaciones para lograr la sustitución completa del genoma.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar la sustitución completa del genoma de una célula bacteriana por el genoma de un donante.
- Establecer un método para crear células con genomas sintéticos.
Principales métodos:
- Trasplante de ADN genómico intacto de la gran colonia de Mycoplasma mycoides (LC) en las células receptoras de Mycoplasma capricolum.
- Utilizó la transformación mediada por polietilenglicol para la entrega de ADN.
- Seleccionado para la resistencia a la tetraciclina para identificar transformantes exitosos.
Principales resultados:
- Se crearon con éxito células bacterianas que contienen el genoma completo de Mycoplasma mycoides LC.
- Se eliminan las secuencias genómicas detectables del receptor en las células resultantes.
- El genoma trasplantado confería un fenotipo idéntico a la cepa donante.
Conclusiones:
- El trasplante de genoma es un método viable para crear células con genomas sintéticos.
- Esta técnica representa un paso significativo hacia la propagación artificial de genomas sintéticos.
- Las células resultantes demuestran la viabilidad funcional de un genoma completamente reemplazado.
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