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El origen cercano oriental de la domesticación del gato
Carlos A Driscoll1, Marilyn Menotti-Raymond, Alfred L Roca
1Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. driscoll@ncifcrf.gov
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 30, 2007
Resumen
Los gatos domésticos se originaron en el Cercano Oriente, probablemente junto con la agricultura temprana. El análisis genético de 979 gatos y parientes silvestres revela distintas subespecies silvestres y múltiples fundadores para la población de gatos domésticos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética La genética.
- Zoología Zoología Zoología.
- Arqueología Arqueología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los gatos domésticos exhiben variaciones genéticas que reflejan su historia evolutiva y el desarrollo de la raza.
- Comprender la domesticación felina proporciona información sobre las interacciones entre humanos y animales y las primeras sociedades agrícolas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar genéticamente los gatos domésticos y sus progenitores silvestres para aclarar los orígenes y la dispersión de Felis catus.
- Identificar subespecies distintas dentro del gato salvaje (Felis silvestris) y determinar su relación con los gatos domésticos.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación y análisis de todo el genoma de 979 gatos domésticos.
- Análisis genético comparativo con cinco subespecies distintas de Felis silvestris: F. s. silvestris, F. s. lybica, F. s. ornata, F. s. cafra y F. s. bieti.
Principales resultados:
- Cada grupo silvestre fue confirmado como una subespecie distinta de Felis silvestris.
- La evidencia genética apunta a que la domesticación ocurrió en el Cercano Oriente, coincidiendo con el desarrollo agrícola de la Media Luna Fértil.
- Los gatos domésticos trazan la ascendencia de al menos cinco fundadores del Cercano Oriente, con una posterior dispersión global facilitada por la migración humana.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio aclara la clasificación de subespecies de gatos salvajes y su relación con los gatos domésticos.
- Los hallazgos señalan al Cercano Oriente como el centro de la domesticación del gato, vinculado a las primeras sociedades agrarias.
- Los gatos domésticos tienen una historia de fundación compleja que involucra múltiples linajes que se extendieron por todo el mundo a través de la agencia humana.
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