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El entorno geoquímico temprano de Marte, determinado a partir de la termodinámica de los filosilicatos

Vincent Chevrier¹, Francois Poulet, Jean-Pierre Bibring

¹W. M. Keck Laboratory for Space Simulation, Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, MUSE 202, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA. vchevrie@uark.edu

|July 6, 2007

Resumen

Los primeros tiempos de Marte pueden haber tenido agua líquida debido a gases de efecto invernadero distintos al dióxido de carbono. La intemperie filosilicata sugiere un ambiente débilmente ácido a alcalino, no condiciones ácidas, a pesar de los bajos niveles de dióxido de carbono.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
Astrobiología Astrobiología.

Sus antecedentes:

La evidencia geomorfológica sugiere que en el pasado hubo agua líquida en Marte.
Los depósitos de filosilicatos indican interacciones a largo plazo entre el agua y la roca durante el período de Noé.
Las hipótesis anteriores proponían una atmósfera rica en dióxido de carbono para el calor marciano temprano.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las condiciones geoquímicas en los primeros tiempos de Marte.
Determinar el pH y las condiciones atmosféricas durante la formación de phyllosilicate.
Reevaluar la causa de la ausencia de carbonato y el clima marciano temprano.

Principales métodos:

Cálculos de los equilibrios acuosos para los filosilicatos.
Modelado termodinámico de las condiciones de la superficie marciana.
Análisis de la precipitación mineral bajo diferentes presiones parciales de dióxido de carbono.

Principales resultados:

Filosilicatos ricos en Fe3+ probablemente formados en condiciones débilmente ácidas a alcalinas.
Marte temprano exhibió un alto estado de oxidación, facilitando el escape de hidrógeno.
La precipitación de filosilicato ocurre incluso a muy bajas presiones parciales de dióxido de carbono.

Conclusiones:

La ausencia de carbonatos de Noé puede deberse a la baja concentración de dióxido de carbono en la atmósfera, no a la acidez.
Las primeras condiciones meteorológicas marcianas diferían significativamente de los períodos posteriores dominados por el sulfato.
Los gases de efecto invernadero que no son dióxido de carbono probablemente contribuyeron a un Marte temprano cálido y húmedo.

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