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Flujo extraordinario en la relación de género
Sylvain Charlat1, Emily A Hornett, James H Fullard
1Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK. s.charlat@ucl.ac.uk
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 14, 2007
Resumen
Los elementos genéticos egoístas pueden distorsionar rápidamente las relaciones sexuales de la población. En las mariposas Hypolimnas bolina, sin embargo, las mutaciones supresoras invirtieron el sesgo extremo de la proporción de sexos en 10 generaciones, lo que demuestra un rápido rescate evolutivo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Genética de la población Genética de la población.
- Genética de la determinación del sexo.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las proporciones de sexo de la población suelen ser estables en escalas de tiempo ecológicas.
- Los elementos genéticos egoístas pueden distorsionar rápidamente las relaciones sexuales, como señaló Hamilton.
- Se espera que la selección contra las proporciones de sexo altamente sesgadas favorezca las mutaciones supresoras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la velocidad de la supresión del sesgo de la proporción de sexos en poblaciones naturales.
- Examinar la dinámica evolutiva de la distorsión de la proporción de sexo y su reversión.
Principales métodos:
- Observaciones de campo de la proporción de sexos en las poblaciones de Hypolimnas bolina.
- Análisis genético para identificar elementos y supresores que distorsionan la relación de género.
- Seguimiento generacional para determinar la tasa de cambio de la proporción de sexos.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un sesgo extremo de la proporción de sexo de la población (100 hombres: 1 mujer) en Hypolimnas bolina.
- Documentó la rápida supresión de este sesgo de género, volviendo a una proporción de 1: 1.
- El cambio a una proporción de sexos equilibrada se produjo en menos de 10 generaciones.
Conclusiones:
- La mariposa Hypolimnas bolina proporciona un modelo para el rescate evolutivo extremadamente rápido.
- Las mutaciones supresoras pueden evolucionar y propagarse rápidamente para contrarrestar los elementos genéticos egoístas.
- Esta rápida respuesta evolutiva mantiene estables las proporciones de sexo de la población.
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