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Efectos psicológicos de las expediciones polares
Lawrence A Palinkas1, Peter Suedfeld
1School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. palinkas@usc.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|July 28, 2007
Resumen
Las expediciones polares pueden causar cambios psicológicos como trastornos del sueño y conflictos interpersonales debido al aislamiento y entornos extremos. Sin embargo, el afrontamiento exitoso también conduce al crecimiento personal y a una mayor autosuficiencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
- Medicina Ambiental La medicina ambiental es una medicina que tiene que ver con el ambiente.
- El espacio y el medio ambiente extremo Psicología Psicología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las expediciones polares implican aislamiento prolongado, confinamiento y exposición ambiental extrema.
- Estas condiciones pueden conducir a cambios psicológicos significativos y síntomas relacionados con el estrés.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar cambios psicológicos y síndromes asociados con las expediciones polares.
- Explorar los resultados tanto patógenos como salutógenos de las expediciones polares.
- Recomendar estrategias para prevenir los efectos psicológicos negativos y promover la adaptación positiva.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los cambios psicológicos y los síndromes en los participantes de las expediciones polares.
- Análisis de los síntomas reportados, incluyendo trastornos del sueño, deterioro de la cognición, afecto negativo y conflicto interpersonal.
- Examen de los resultados psicológicos positivos, como una mayor autosuficiencia y crecimiento personal.
Principales resultados:
- Los síntomas psicológicos comunes incluyen trastornos del sueño, deterioro cognitivo, afecto negativo y tensión interpersonal.
- Se sugieren tres síndromes superpuestos: el síndrome de invierno, el síndrome T3 polar y el trastorno afectivo estacional subsindromal.
- Aproximadamente el 5% de los participantes cumplen con los criterios para los trastornos psiquiátricos, mientras que muchos también experimentan una adaptación y crecimiento positivos.
Conclusiones:
- La detección y el apoyo psicológico son cruciales para prevenir resultados negativos en las expediciones polares.
- La selección de candidatos con rasgos de personalidad adecuados y la capacitación en estrategias de afrontamiento pueden promover una adaptación positiva.
- Se recomienda un enfoque equilibrado centrado en la prevención de la patología y la promoción de la resiliencia para los participantes de las expediciones polares.
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