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El espacio del producto condiciona el desarrollo de las naciones
C A Hidalgo1, B Klinger, A-L Barabási
1Center for Complex Network Research and Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. chidalgo@nd.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 28, 2007
Resumen
Los países crecen exportando productos más sofisticados. Moverse a bienes complejos requiere desarrollar artículos relacionados, explicando por qué las naciones más pobres luchan por competir y lograr la convergencia económica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La complejidad económica.
- Teoría del comercio internacional La teoría del comercio internacional La teoría del comercio internacional La teoría del comercio internacional La teoría del comercio internacional La teoría del comercio internacional
- Economía del desarrollo Economía del desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- El crecimiento económico está impulsado por la mejora de las capacidades de exportación.
- La capacidad de producir nuevos productos depende de los conjuntos tecnológicos y de habilidades existentes.
- Comprender las relaciones entre los productos es clave para el desarrollo económico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar la estructura del "espacio de productos" y sus implicaciones para el crecimiento económico.
- Para investigar cómo los países se mueven dentro de este espacio de productos.
- Explicar los desafíos que enfrentan las economías en desarrollo para mejorar sus exportaciones.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de red de la relación de producto.
- Estudio empírico de los datos de exportación de varios países.
- Mapeo de las posiciones de los países y las transiciones dentro del espacio del producto.
Principales resultados:
- Los productos sofisticados forman un núcleo densamente conectado en el espacio del producto.
- Los productos menos sofisticados se encuentran en una periferia escasamente conectada.
- Los países tienden a desarrollar productos estrechamente relacionados con sus exportaciones actuales.
Conclusiones:
- La mejora económica implica pasar a productos cercanos y más complejos.
- Alcanzar el núcleo de productos sofisticados es un desafío para la mayoría de los países.
- La estructura del espacio de producto puede explicar las disparidades de ingresos y los fracasos de convergencia.
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