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Exposición a sustancias en el lugar de trabajo y asma de nueva aparición: un estudio prospectivo internacional basado
Manolis Kogevinas1, Jan-Paul Zock, Debbie Jarvis
1Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Municipal Institute of Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain. kogevinas@imim.es
Lancet (London, England)
|July 31, 2007
Resumen
Las exposiciones en el lugar de trabajo aumentan significativamente el riesgo de desarrollar asma en adultos. Los eventos agudos de inhalación, como derrames químicos, también representan un riesgo considerable, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de monitorear a los trabajadores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud ocupacional y salud ocupacional.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Medicina para las vías respiratorias.
Sus antecedentes:
- El vínculo entre las exposiciones en el lugar de trabajo y el asma adulta de nueva aparición no se entiende bien en los estudios de población.
- Investigaciones anteriores no han caracterizado completamente los riesgos ocupacionales para el desarrollo de asma.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar los riesgos de asma de nueva aparición asociados con ocupaciones específicas y exposiciones en el lugar de trabajo.
- Para determinar el riesgo atribuible de asma en adultos debido a factores ocupacionales.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio prospectivo de 6837 participantes de la Encuesta de Salud Respiratoria de la Comunidad Europea en 13 países.
- Asma evaluada a través de pruebas de desafío de metacolina y cuestionarios de síntomas.
- Exposiciones profesionales evaluadas utilizando una matriz de exposición laboral, juicio de expertos y eventos de inhalación aguda autoinformados.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición a agentes conocidos de asma ocupacional aumentó el riesgo de asma (riesgo relativo = 1,6).
- La enfermería fue identificada como una ocupación de alto riesgo (RR=2.2).
- Los eventos agudos de inhalación, como derrames químicos, aumentaron significativamente el riesgo de asma (RR = 3,3).
Conclusiones:
- Las exposiciones profesionales contribuyen significativamente a la incidencia de asma en adultos.
- El aumento del riesgo de asma después de los accidentes de inhalación requiere una estrecha vigilancia de los trabajadores afectados.
- Una proporción sustancial de los casos de asma en adultos son atribuibles a factores en el lugar de trabajo.
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