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Evidencia experimental de que la competencia promueve la divergencia en la radiación adaptativa
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 4, 1994
Resumen
La evidencia experimental muestra que la competencia con una especie relacionada impulsa la radiación adaptativa en los peces espinosa. Esta competencia favorece a los individuos que son morfológicamente y ecológicamente distintos, apoyando teorías de divergencia de carácter.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Especificación de las especificaciones.
Sus antecedentes:
- La radiación adaptativa es un proceso clave en la generación de biodiversidad.
- Se teoriza que la competencia interespecífica impulsa la divergencia durante la radiación adaptativa.
- La evidencia experimental de este mecanismo ha estado ausente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Probar experimentalmente el papel de la competencia interespecífica en la conducción de la divergencia adaptativa.
- Investigar cómo actúa la selección natural en una especie morfológicamente variable en presencia y ausencia de un competidor.
Principales métodos:
- Contrastando la selección natural en una especie de pez stickleback focal.
- Comparar la selección en aislamiento frente a la presencia de una especie competidora estrechamente relacionada.
- Analizar los rasgos morfológicos y ecológicos para evaluar las presiones de selección.
Principales resultados:
- La selección fue no direccional cuando la especie de la ballena pegajosa estaba sola.
- La competencia interespecífica favorecía a individuos morfológicamente y ecológicamente diferentes al competidor.
- La competencia entre fenotipos similares fue desproporcionadamente severa, lo que indica una selección dependiente de la frecuencia.
Conclusiones:
- La competencia interespecífica puede conducir experimentalmente a la divergencia de caracteres durante la radiación adaptativa.
- Los hallazgos apoyan los elementos clave de la teoría de la competencia y la divergencia de caracteres.
- Resuelve los debates sobre los impulsores ecológicos de la diversificación y las consecuencias evolutivas de la competencia.
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