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Conservation of Small Populations

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.

What are Populations and Communities?

What are Populations and Communities?

Populations are groups of individuals of the same species that inhabit a shared environment. Communities include multiple co-existing, interacting populations of different species. Metapopulations span multiple populations of the same species that occupy different areas. Metapopulations interact through immigration and emigration, providing genetic diversity that lends resilience to harsh environments. Population size and density can be estimated using quadrat and mark and recapture...

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.

Genetic Drift

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...

Random Sampling Method

Random Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...

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Muestreo de poblaciones raras y escurridizas.

S Sudman, M G Sirken, C D Cowan

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 20, 1988

Resumen

La toma de muestras de poblaciones raras es un desafío debido a los altos costos de localización. Los métodos de probabilidad recientes reducen eficientemente estos costos para grupos geográficamente agrupados o dispersos, mejorando la accesibilidad de la investigación.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias Sociales Ciencias Sociales.
Estadísticas Estadísticas Las estadísticas.
Demografía La demografía es la demografía.

Sus antecedentes:

El muestreo de poblaciones raras y escurridizas presenta desafíos logísticos y financieros significativos.
Los altos costos asociados con la localización de estos grupos a menudo superan los gastos directos de las entrevistas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Presentar métodos eficientes de muestreo de probabilidad para poblaciones raras y evasivas.
Para reducir los costos asociados con la localización y el muestreo de grupos difíciles de alcanzar.

Principales métodos:

Para poblaciones agrupadas geográficamente: localización rápida de segmentos no poblados utilizando datos del Censo, selección telefónica o listas incompletas.
Para poblaciones no agrupadas geográficamente: muestreo en red y utilización de grandes conjuntos de datos preexistentes.

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Para las poblaciones móviles: aplicación de métodos de captura-recaptura.

Principales resultados:

Los métodos desarrollados reducen significativamente los costos de localizar poblaciones raras.
Existen estrategias eficientes tanto para grupos evasivos agrupados geográficamente como para grupos evasivos dispersos.
Las técnicas de captura-recaptura proporcionan un método viable para estimar las características de las poblaciones móviles.

Conclusiones:

Los recientes avances en el muestreo de probabilidad ofrecen soluciones rentables para el estudio de poblaciones raras y evasivas.
Los métodos personalizados, basados en la distribución de la población, mejoran la eficiencia del muestreo.
Estas técnicas mejoran la viabilidad de realizar investigaciones sobre grupos demográficos difíciles de alcanzar.