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Simulation of the Planetary Interior Differentiation Processes in the Laboratory
Published on: November 16, 2013
Variaciones en la rotación de la Tierra
Resumen
La velocidad de rotación de la Tierra fluctúa debido al intercambio de momento angular atmosférico. Estas variaciones, rastreadas con interferometría de radio y alcance láser satelital, impactan significativamente en la longitud del día, especialmente durante los eventos de El Niño.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- La astronomía es la astronomía.
- Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La rotación de la Tierra exhibe variaciones complejas, incluyendo fluctuaciones submillisecondas en el Tiempo Universal 1 (UT1).
- El seguimiento de estos cambios es crucial para comprender la dinámica del sistema terrestre y mantener un cronometraje preciso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las causas de las variaciones a corto plazo en la rotación de la Tierra y la longitud del día.
- Para cuantificar la influencia de los procesos atmosféricos en la velocidad de giro de la Tierra.
Principales métodos:
- Mediciones de precisión de menos de un milisegundo de la rotación de la Tierra utilizando interferometría de radio astronómica.
- Laser que va desde el satélite LAGEOS para mediciones geodésicas precisas.
- Comparación de los cambios observados en la rotación de la Tierra con los datos del momento angular atmosférico global.
Principales resultados:
- Las fluctuaciones observadas de UT1 alcanzaron hasta 5 milisegundos en unas pocas semanas.
- Se encontró una fuerte correlación entre los cambios en la longitud del día y las variaciones en el momento angular atmosférico global.
- El intercambio de momento angular entre la atmósfera y el manto sólido de la Tierra se identifica como el motor dominante de los cambios en la velocidad de giro en escalas de tiempo semanales a plurianuales.
Conclusiones:
- El intercambio de momento angular atmosférico es el factor principal que influye en la variabilidad de la velocidad de giro de la Tierra en varias escalas de tiempo.
- Cambios significativos en la rotación de la Tierra, incluido un pico notable en la longitud del día, se asociaron con el intenso evento de El Niño de 1982-1983.
- Estos hallazgos resaltan la interconexión de la atmósfera de la Tierra y el cuerpo sólido en la regulación de su rotación.
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