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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent – the...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

Fullerenos de una fulgurita.

T K Daly, P R Buseck, P Williams

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 12, 1993
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los rayos pueden crear fullerenos, un tipo de molécula de carbono, al derretir el suelo y los desechos orgánicos. La espectrometría de masas detectó fullerenos C(60) y C(70) en una muestra de fulgurita.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
    • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
    • Química orgánica es la química orgánica.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Las fulguritas son materiales geológicos naturales formados por rayos.
    • Los fullerenos son alótropos del carbono con estructuras moleculares únicas.
    • Las condiciones de formación de los fullerenos generalmente implican altas temperaturas y presiones.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para investigar la composición química de una muestra de fulgurita.
    • Para determinar si los fullerenos pueden formarse bajo condiciones naturales de iluminación.
    • Para identificar moléculas específicas de fullereno presentes en la fulgurita.

    Principales métodos:

    • Recolección de muestras de un sitio azotado por un rayo.

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  • Extracción de material de la fulgurita. extracción de material de la fulgurita. extracción de material de la fulgurita.
  • Análisis utilizando espectrometría de masas para identificar la composición molecular.

    • Principales resultados:

    • La espectrometría de masas detectó picos distintos en 720 y 840 unidades de masa atómica.
    • Estos picos corresponden a la presencia de fullerenos C(60) y C(70).
    • Otros picos adicionales indicaron la presencia de otras especies de fullerenos.

    Conclusiones:

    • El calor intenso y la presión de un rayo pueden facilitar la formación de fullerenos.
    • Los desechos orgánicos en el suelo sirven como precursores para la síntesis del fullereno en estas condiciones extremas.
    • Las fulguritas pueden ser indicadores naturales de la formación de fullerenos en entornos terrestres.