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Una medición directa de la tasa de acreción de masa terrestre del polvo cósmico
Resumen
La Tierra acumula material extraterrestre significativo a través de pequeños meteoroides. Este estudio midió el flujo de partículas submilimétricas, encontrando una tasa de acreción comparable a los cuerpos extraterrestres más grandes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- El polvo cósmico y la investigación de meteoroides.
- Ciencias planetarias y estudios de acreción de la Tierra.
- Análisis de impacto de hipervelocidad.
Sus antecedentes:
- La medición precisa de la acumulación de material extraterrestre por la Tierra es crucial para comprender la evolución planetaria.
- Los métodos anteriores carecían de precisión para las partículas submilimétricas, que constituyen una fracción de masa significativa.
- Se necesitaba una medición directa del flujo de partículas pequeñas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar el flujo de meteoroides en el rango de masas de 10^-9 a 10^-4 gramos.
- Para medir con precisión la masa de material extraterrestre acumulado por la Tierra como partículas submilimétricas.
- Para comparar la tasa de acreción de partículas pequeñas con cuerpos extraterrestres más grandes.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de cráteres de impacto de hipervelocidad en el satélite Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF).
- Examen del extremo orientado al espacio del LDEF para capturar impactos de micrometeoritos.
- Determinación de la distribución de masa y el flujo de los meteoroides basado en la morfología y el tamaño del cráter.
Principales resultados:
- Los picos de distribución de masa de los meteoroides están cerca de 1,5 x 10^-5 gramos (200 micrómetros de diámetro).
- La tasa estimada de acreción de masa de partículas pequeñas es (40 +/- 20) x 10^6 kilogramos por año.
- Esta tasa de acreción es más alta que las estimaciones anteriores, pero se alinea con los hallazgos geoquímicos.
Conclusiones:
- Las partículas submilimétricas representan un componente sustancial de la acumulación de masa extraterrestre de la Tierra.
- La masa de entrada de las partículas pequeñas es comparable o superior a la de los cuerpos extraterrestres más grandes (de 1 cm a 10 km).
- Esta investigación proporciona una comprensión más precisa del material extraterrestre total que contribuye a la Tierra.
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