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Balance térmico anual de las capas polares marcianas: observaciones vikingas
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 7, 1985
Resumen
El comportamiento de las heladas polares de Marte, en particular la helada de dióxido de carbono (CO2), se estudió utilizando datos del orbitador Viking. La presencia asimétrica de escarcha en los polos está relacionada con la contaminación por polvo que afecta las tasas de sublimación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
- La detección remota con sensores.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las regiones polares marcianas exhiben cambios estacionales complejos.
- Comprender el comportamiento de la helada de dióxido de carbono (CO2) es crucial para los modelos climáticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la reflectancia solar y los datos de emisión infrarroja de los polos marcianos.
- Para determinar los presupuestos anuales de radiación y dióxido de carbono (CO2) de las heladas.
- Para inferir las propiedades de la superficie y la atmósfera utilizando un modelo radiativo polar.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó datos de los mapeadores térmicos infrarrojos de las naves orbitales Viking.
- Recopiló mediciones durante todo un año marciano para ambas regiones polares.
- Aplicó un modelo radiativo polar para interpretar los datos de observación.
Principales resultados:
- Se confirman depósitos permanentes de hielo de CO2 cerca del polo sur, estabilizados por una alta reflectividad.
- Se observó la ausencia de heladas del norte en verano debido a una mayor sublimación por la menor reflectividad de la primavera.
- Identificó la contaminación por polvo como una causa probable para el comportamiento asimétrico de las heladas de CO2).
Conclusiones:
- La estabilidad de la helada polar marciana de CO2 está fuertemente influenciada por su reflectividad superficial.
- La distribución asimétrica de las heladas se atribuye a la contaminación preferencial por polvo del casquete polar norte.
- Estos hallazgos mejoran nuestra comprensión de la dinámica del clima marciano y los ciclos estacionales.
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