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Estrategias masculinas alternativas: diferencias genéticas en los grillos
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 1, 1981
Resumen
Los grillos de campo machos exhiben comportamientos de apareamiento distintos con una base genética significativa. La cría selectiva reveló diferencias hereditarias en la duración de la llamada masculina, lo que sugiere fundamentos genéticos distintos para estrategias reproductivas alternativas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología del comportamiento Ecología del comportamiento.
- Genética evolutiva La genética evolutiva.
- Comportamiento animal Comportamiento animal.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los grillos de campo machos (Gryllus integer) muestran estrategias alternativas de apareamiento: señalización acústica (llamada) e interceptación furtiva de las hembras atraídas por los machos que llaman.
- Comprender la arquitectura genética de estos comportamientos reproductivos alternativos es crucial para los estudios evolutivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la base genética de la duración de las llamadas nocturnas en grillos de campo machos.
- Para determinar si la selección puede dar forma a distintos sustratos genéticos para comportamientos alternativos de apareamiento masculino.
Principales métodos:
- Implementó experimentos de selección artificial en grillos de campo machos, creando líneas de duración de llamadas altas y bajas.
- Se midieron y compararon los tiempos medios de llamadas nocturnas entre líneas seleccionadas.
- Cálculo de las heredabilidades realizadas para llamar a la duración en ambas líneas seleccionadas.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron diferencias significativas en la duración media de las llamadas nocturnas entre las líneas de alta y baja selección.
- Las heredabilidades realizadas para la duración de las llamadas fueron altas, estimadas en 0,50 para la línea alta y 0,53 para la línea baja.
- Estos resultados indican un componente genético sustancial que influye en la duración del comportamiento de llamada masculino.
Conclusiones:
- La duración de la llamada nocturna en los grillos de campo machos está fuertemente influenciada por la genética.
- La cría selectiva puede diferenciar efectivamente poblaciones basadas en el comportamiento de llamada, asociando sustratos genéticos específicos con estrategias reproductivas alternativas.
- Este estudio proporciona evidencia de la base genética de comportamientos alternativos de apareamiento en una sola especie, un hallazgo que aún no se ha demostrado en otras especies con modos de reproducción masculinos contrastantes.
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