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Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

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¿El amoníaco se une con el hidrógeno?

D D Nelson, G T Fraser, W Klemperer

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 18, 1987
    PubMed
    Resumen
    Este resumen es generado por máquina.

    Los estudios espectroscópicos revelan que el amoníaco (NH3) es un fuerte aceptador de enlaces de hidrógeno, pero muestra poca evidencia de actuar como donante de protones. Esto desafía las suposiciones previas sobre las interacciones de NH ((3)).

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Espectroscopía Química Espectroscopía Química Espectroscopía Química Espectroscopía Química Espectroscopía Química
    • Las interacciones moleculares.
    • Química Física es la química física.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El amoníaco (NH3) es una molécula fundamental en la química.
    • Investigaciones anteriores han explorado su papel en el enlace de hidrógeno.
    • La comprensión de los mecanismos de interacción de NH 3 es crucial para varios procesos químicos.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para caracterizar espectroscópicamente la estereoquímica de los complejos de amoníaco.
    • Investigar las capacidades de donante y aceptor de protones del amoníaco en la unión de hidrógeno.
    • Para conciliar las teorías existentes con los nuevos hallazgos experimentales sobre las interacciones de NH 3 .

    Principales métodos:

    • Utilizó técnicas espectroscópicas avanzadas para analizar complejos de amoníaco.
    • Examinó los resultados estereochemical de las interacciones que implican NH(3).
    • Evaluó críticamente la literatura existente sobre las observaciones de la fase condensada y la fase gaseosa.

    Principales resultados:

    • Confirmó el papel del amoníaco como un aceptador de protones casi universal.
    • Se observó un enlace de hidrógeno de donantes de protones incluso débiles al NH ((3).
    • No se encontró evidencia espectroscópica que apoye a NH ((3) como donante de protones en enlaces de hidrógeno.

    Conclusiones:

    • El amoníaco (NH3) funciona eficazmente como un aceptor potente de enlaces de hidrógeno.
    • La propensión de NH(3) a donar enlaces de hidrógeno parece mínima.
    • Los datos experimentales desafían las opiniones de larga data sobre el doble papel del NH3 en el enlace de hidrógeno.