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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
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Downstream processing begins once fermentation is complete and involves a series of steps to recover and purify products such as acids, vitamins, antibiotics, or proteins.Cell HarvestingFor example, for intracellular protein-based products, the first step is harvesting the cells. This is typically achieved using centrifugation or filtration to separate the cells from the liquid phase.Cell Disruption for Intracellular ProductsIf the target product is intracellular, the harvested cells must be...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
10:31

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Published on: May 8, 2015

Caminos de dispersión para los contaminantes asociados a las partículas.

R A Young, D J Swift, T L Clarke

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 2, 1985
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Más de 10 millones de toneladas métricas de contaminantes asociados a partículas entran anualmente en la bahía de Nueva York. Estos contaminantes son transportados por la circulación natural del océano y el estuario a sumideros específicos, como el valle de la plataforma del río Hudson.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
    • Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
    • Estudios de la contaminación Estudios de la contaminación Estudios de la contaminación Estudios de la contaminación Estudios de la contaminación Estudios de la contaminación

    Sus antecedentes:

    • La bahía de Nueva York recibe importantes aportes anuales de contaminantes asociados a las partículas.
    • Las fuentes incluyen el vertido oceánico, la descarga de estuarios, las aguas residuales, la deposición atmosférica y el transporte marítimo.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para investigar la dispersión y el destino de los contaminantes asociados a las partículas en la bahía de Nueva York.

    Principales métodos:

    • Análisis de las fuentes y cantidades de contaminantes.
    • Examen de los patrones de circulación oceánica y de los estuarios.
    • Identificación de los sumideros de los contaminantes.

    Principales resultados:

    • Aproximadamente 10 7 toneladas métricas de contaminantes asociados a las partículas se introducen anualmente.
    • Los sistemas de dispersión natural distribuyen ampliamente los contaminantes.
    • Los contaminantes se acumulan constantemente en el valle de la plataforma del río Hudson y en los humedales intracosteros.

    Conclusiones:

    • La circulación oceánica y estuariana transporta efectivamente los contaminantes.
    • Zonas de deposición específicas, el valle de la plataforma del río Hudson y los humedales intracosteros, actúan como sumideros primarios para estos contaminantes.
    • El destino de los contaminantes es independiente de su punto de introducción dentro del Bight.