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Espiroplasmas: diversidad de reservorios de artrópodos y relaciones huésped-parásito
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 2, 1982
Resumen
Se descubrieron nuevas cepas de espiroplasma en 11 especies de insectos de cuatro órdenes. Una cepa, encontrada en los escarabajos de la papa de Colorado, puede propagarse a través de plantas contaminadas, lo que explica la presencia de espiroplasma ambiental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Entomología Entomología.
- Biología Procariótica Biología Procariótica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los espiroplasmas son procariotas sin pared que se sabe que se asocian con insectos y plantas.
- Investigaciones anteriores han identificado varias especies de espiroplasma en diferentes huéspedes de artrópodos.
- Los roles ecológicos y las rutas de transmisión de muchos espiroplasmas siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar y caracterizar nuevos aislamientos de espiroplasma de insectos huéspedes.
- Para investigar las relaciones serológicas de los espiroplasmas recién descubiertos.
- Explorar posibles mecanismos de transmisión de espiroplasmas entre los insectos y su entorno.
Principales métodos:
- Aislamiento y cultivo de espiroplasmas de ejemplares de insectos.
- Pruebas serológicas para comparar nuevos aislamientos con grupos conocidos de espiroplasma.
- Estudios experimentales de transmisión utilizando escarabajos de la papa de Colorado y material vegetal contaminado.
Principales resultados:
- Los espiroplasmas fueron aislados con éxito de 11 insectos huéspedes no reportados anteriormente, que abarcan Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera y Coleoptera.
- Tres de los nuevos aislados de espiroplasma exhibieron perfiles serológicos distintos, lo que sugiere nuevas especies o subgrupos.
- Un espiroplasma que infecta el tracto digestivo de los escarabajos de la papa de Colorado demostró la transmisión a insectos ingenuos a través de plantas contaminadas.
Conclusiones:
- El descubrimiento de nuevos espiroplasmas expande el rango de huéspedes conocidos y la diversidad de estos procariotas sin pared.
- Los hallazgos destacan una ruta de transmisión simple pero efectiva para los espiroplasmas a través de la contaminación ambiental, lo que potencialmente explica su prevalencia en las superficies de las plantas.
- Esta investigación proporciona información sobre la dinámica ecológica de las interacciones espiroplasma-insecto y su diseminación ambiental.
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