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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Measurement: Standard Units03:38

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which are...
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Atomic Weight01:25

Atomic Weight

Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24 grams. Scientists arbitrarily define this amount of mass as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton. Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 9.11 × 10-28 grams, or about 1/1800 of an atomic mass unit. As a result, they do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass. This means that, when considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and calculate the...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
09:40

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Published on: February 14, 2014

Hidrógeno atómico en Marte: mediciones en el mínimo solar.

J S Levine, D S McDougal, D E Anderson

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 2, 1978
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Nuevos datos del Observatorio Copernicus revelan un hidrógeno atómico significativamente más alto en la atmósfera superior de Marte durante el mínimo solar. Este hallazgo impacta nuestra comprensión de los procesos de escape atmosférico planetario.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
    • Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
    • La astrofísica es la astrofísica.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Comprender la composición y la dinámica de las atmósferas superiores planetarias es crucial para los estudios de escape atmosférico.
    • El hidrógeno atómico juega un papel clave en los mecanismos de escape atmosférico en Marte.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para determinar las concentraciones de hidrógeno atómico en la atmósfera superior marciana durante el mínimo solar.
    • Para comparar estas concentraciones con mediciones anteriores tomadas durante el máximo solar.

    Principales métodos:

    • Utilizó el Observatorio Astronómico Orbital de Copérnico para medir la emisión de Lyman-alfa de Marte.
    • Datos integrados de Copernicus con mediciones de temperatura in situ de la misión Viking.

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    Principales resultados:

    • Obtuvo las primeras mediciones de las concentraciones de hidrógeno atómico en la atmósfera superior de Marte en el mínimo solar.
    • La densidad del número atómico de hidrógeno encontrado en la exobase marciana es aproximadamente 60 veces mayor que la estimada previamente a partir de los datos del máximo solar.
    • Los resultados de Copernicus se alinean con la hipótesis de escape de hidrógeno de difusión limitada de Hunten.

    Conclusiones:

    • La actividad solar influye significativamente en la abundancia de hidrógeno atómico en la atmósfera superior de Marte.
    • Los hallazgos apoyan la teoría del escape limitado por difusión para el hidrógeno atómico de Marte.