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In-vitro Mutagenesis

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...

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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
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Reactores de cría en Francia.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 11, 1980

Resumen

Francia está desarrollando reactores reproductores para garantizar la seguridad energética futura, con el Super Phenix Mark I cerca de la operación. Esta avanzada tecnología nuclear muestra una perspectiva favorable para su futura comercialización.

Área de la Ciencia:

La energía nuclear es la energía nuclear.
Tecnología de los reactores.
Política energética La política energética La política energética La política energética La política energética

Sus antecedentes:

El programa energético de Francia depende en gran medida de la energía nuclear.
Los problemas anticipados de suministro de uranio natural antes de 2020 requieren soluciones alternativas.
Se está llevando a cabo un programa estratégico de desarrollo en tres etapas para los reactores reproductores.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para esbozar el programa de desarrollo de reactores de reproducción de Francia.
Para poner de relieve la importancia del reactor Super Phenix Mark I. El reactor fue diseñado para
Evaluar la competitividad futura y la viabilidad comercial de la tecnología de mejoramiento.

Principales métodos:

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Descripción de la estrategia de desarrollo de reactores de reproducción en varias etapas de Francia.
Concéntrese en el Super Phenix Mark I como una demostración casi comercial.
Análisis de los factores que influyen en la competitividad económica de los reactores reproductores.

Principales resultados:

El Super Phenix Mark I está programado para la operación de energía en 1983.
Los diseños preliminares para plantas reproductoras comerciales están en progreso.
Las perspectivas generales para la tecnología de reactores reproductores se consideran favorables.

Conclusiones:

Francia está abordando de manera proactiva las necesidades futuras de energía a través de la tecnología nuclear avanzada.
Los reactores Breeder, ejemplificados por el Super Phenix, representan un componente clave de la estrategia energética a largo plazo de Francia.
A pesar de algunas incertidumbres, los reactores reproductores están listos para un futuro despliegue comercial.