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Paleoindios en Beringia: evidencia desde el ártico de Alaska
Resumen
Los pueblos paleoindios ocuparon Beringia, incluido el ártico de Alaska, hace más de 11.000 años, desafiando las teorías anteriores de los orígenes culturales de América del Norte. Esta antigua presencia sugiere una migración humana más temprana a la región de lo que se entendía anteriormente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Arqueología Arqueología.
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Geología Cuaternaria Geología Cuaternaria
Sus antecedentes:
- Beringia, el puente terrestre que conecta Asia y América del Norte, es crucial para comprender las primeras migraciones humanas.
- El momento y la extensión de la presencia paleoindio en el Ártico de Alaska siguen siendo objeto de debate.
- Los modelos anteriores sugerían que las culturas paleoindias se originaron únicamente en la parte media continental de América del Norte.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la ocupación humana temprana en Beringia usando evidencia del sitio Mesa en el Ártico de Alaska.
- Para determinar el lapso cronológico de la presencia paleoindia en la región.
- Reevaluar los orígenes y la dispersión de las culturas paleoindias.
Principales métodos:
- Excavaciones arqueológicas en el sitio de Mesa.
- La datación por radiocarbono de las características del hogar.
- Análisis de las puntas de los proyectiles paleoindios.
Principales resultados:
- Once fechas de radiocarbono indican ocupación humana entre 9.730 y 11.660 años antes del presente (B.P. En el caso de las personas con discapacidad, se considerará que:
- Se encontraron puntos de proyectil paleoindios en asociación con hogares fechados.
- Las fechas de ocupación se superponen con otros complejos culturales de Alaska, con un notable hiato entre 10.300 y 11.000 años BP.
Conclusiones:
- El sitio de Mesa proporciona evidencia de la ocupación paleoindia en Beringia, desafiando la hipótesis del origen medio-continental.
- Las fluctuaciones climáticas del glaciar tardío pueden haber influido en los patrones de asentamiento humano y la dispersión en el norte de Alaska.
- Este hallazgo amplía nuestra comprensión de la adaptación humana temprana y el movimiento a través de Beringia.
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