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Gases traza atmosféricos en la Antártida
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 16, 1981
Resumen
Las concentraciones de gases traza, incluidos los CFC y el metilcloroformo, aumentaron exponencialmente entre 1975 y 1980 tanto en el Polo Sur como en el Noroeste del Pacífico. Estos hallazgos ponen de relieve cambios atmosféricos significativos en los gases traza clave.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de la atmósfera La química de la atmósfera
- Análisis de gases traza.
- Monitoreo del medio ambiente El monitoreo del medio ambiente.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los gases traza juegan un papel crucial en la química atmosférica y la regulación del clima.
- Comprender las tendencias de los gases traza específicos es vital para evaluar los cambios ambientales.
- Estudios previos indicaron aumentos potenciales en ciertos compuestos halogenados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar las tendencias temporales de gases traza específicos en ubicaciones remotas (Polo Sur) y de latitud media (Noroeste del Pacífico).
- Para analizar la tasa de aumento de compuestos antropogénicos clave como los CFC y el metilcloroformo.
- Para reportar las mediciones de otros gases traza atmosféricos significativos.
Principales métodos:
- La cromatografía de gas de captura de electrones (ECGC) se empleó para la detección de trazas de gas.
- Se utilizó la espectrometría de masas por cromatografía de gases (GC-MS) para una identificación y cuantificación precisas.
- Las mediciones anuales se llevaron a cabo desde 1975 hasta 1980 en dos sitios geográficos distintos.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron aumentos exponenciales significativos para el triclorofluorometano (CCl3F), el diclorodifluorometano (CCl2F2) y el cloroformo de metilo (CH3CCl3).
- CCl3F aumentó un 12% anual en el SP y un 8% en el PNW; CCl2F2 aumentó un ~9% en ambos sitios; CH3CCl3 aumentó un 17% en el SP y un 11,6% en el PNW.
- La evidencia sugiere aumentos en el tetracloruro de carbono (CCl4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O), con mediciones de otros gases como CHClF2, C2Cl3F3, SF6 e hidrocarburos también reportados.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio confirma tasas de crecimiento sustanciales y exponenciales para los principales gases traza antropogénicos durante finales de la década de 1970.
- Estos hallazgos subrayan la creciente carga de compuestos halogenados específicos en la atmósfera global.
- El monitoreo continuo de los gases traza es esencial para comprender los procesos atmosféricos y los posibles impactos.
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