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El origen del hombre El origen del hombre.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 23, 1981

Resumen

La evolución humana no se debe únicamente al tamaño del cerebro o a las herramientas. Los comportamientos sexuales y reproductivos únicos parecen ser el motor clave de los orígenes humanos, diferenciándonos de otros homínidos.

Área de la Ciencia:

La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
La primatología es la primatología.

Sus antecedentes:

Cinco rasgos clave distinguen a los humanos de otros homínidos: neocórtex grande, bipedalidad, reducción de la dentición anterior con predominio molar, cultura material y comportamiento sexual/reproductivo único.
La visión tradicional postula la expansión del cerebro y la cultura material como los principales impulsores de la evolución humana temprana.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para reevaluar la comprensión tradicional de la evolución humana temprana.
Investigar la importancia relativa de los distintos rasgos humanos en nuestra trayectoria evolutiva.

Principales métodos:

Análisis del registro fósil. análisis del registro fósil.
Examen del comportamiento de los primates.

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Análisis demográfico. análisis demográfico.

Principales resultados:

La evidencia sugiere que la evolución humana temprana no fue una consecuencia directa de la expansión del cerebro y la cultura material.
Un comportamiento sexual y reproductivo único surgió como un factor crítico en los orígenes humanos.

Conclusiones:

Se desafía el énfasis tradicional en el tamaño de la neocórtex y la cultura material en la evolución humana.
Se propone el comportamiento sexual y reproductivo humano único como el elemento esencial (sine qua non) para el origen humano.