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Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
Torsion of Noncircular Members01:16

Torsion of Noncircular Members

Circular shafts undergoing torsional stress maintain their cross-sectional integrity due to their axisymmetric nature. This symmetry ensures an even distribution of stress, allowing the shaft to withstand torsion without distorting. In contrast, square bars, lacking this axial symmetry, experience significant distortion across their cross-sections when subjected to torsion, with the exception of along their diagonals and at lines connecting midpoints. A detailed examination of a cubic element...
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis01:15

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
When a bending moment is applied at an angle θ concerning the vertical axis of a symmetrical member, it can be resolved into components along the member's principal centroidal axes. The...
Oriented Surfaces01:30

Oriented Surfaces

A surface is called orientable if a consistent choice of unit normal vector can be made at every point on the surface. A thin soap film stretched across a wire loop provides a familiar example. The film separates the air on one side from the air on the other, so one side can be selected as positive and the opposite side as negative. Once this choice is made, a unit normal vector can be assigned smoothly across the entire surface.At each point on the soap film, a unit normal vector points...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Convergent Polishing: A Simple, Rapid, Full Aperture Polishing Process of High Quality Optical Flats & Spheres
13:07

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Published on: December 1, 2014

Peptidos helicoidales alineados direccionalmente en las superficies.

J K Whitesell, H K Chang

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 2, 1993
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los investigadores crearon capas de péptidos orientados utilizando la polimerización iniciada por la superficie. Estas películas helicoidales de polialanina y polifenilalanina mantuvieron la integridad estructural, incluso después de una exposición prolongada a altas temperaturas.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
    • Química de Polímeros La Química de Polímeros es la química de los polímeros.
    • Los biomateriales son biomateriales.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El desarrollo de estructuras peptídicas ordenadas es crucial para los biomateriales avanzados y la nanotecnología.
    • La polimerización iniciada por la superficie ofrece una ruta para controlar la arquitectura y la orientación del polímero.
    • Lograr y mantener estructuras secundarias como hélices en películas de estado sólido presenta un desafío significativo.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para construir capas de péptidos helicoidales orientadas direccionalmente en superficies conductoras.
    • Investigar el papel de la funcionalización superficial en el control de la polimerización de péptidos.
    • Para evaluar la estabilidad térmica de las películas de péptidos helicoidales resultantes.

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    Principales métodos:

    • Funcionalización superficial de sustratos de oro y óxido de indio-tino para controlar los sitios de iniciación de la polimerización.
    • La polimerización de los monómeros de alanina y fenilalanina para formar cadenas de péptidos.
    • Caracterización del grosor de la película (1000 angstroms) y de su estructura helicoidal.
    • Prueba de estabilidad térmica de películas de polialanina a 180 grados C durante 7 días.

    Principales resultados:

    • Se han construido con éxito capas de péptidos orientadas direccionalmente con un espesor de 1000 angstroms.
    • Se obtienen películas de polialanina y polifenilalanina completamente helicoidales.
    • Demostró que la helicidad de las capas de polialanina se mantuvo completamente después del calentamiento a 180 grados C durante 7 días.

    Conclusiones:

    • La polimerización iniciada en la superficie con sitios de iniciación espaciados con precisión permite la formación de películas de péptidos helicoidales orientadas.
    • Las capas de péptidos helicoidales construidas exhiben una excelente estabilidad térmica.
    • Estos hallazgos abren caminos para aplicaciones en áreas que requieren estructuras de péptidos estables y ordenadas.