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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
08:14

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

La difusión de cationes en el plagioclase de feldespato.

S A Morse

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 3, 1984
    PubMed
    Resumen

    La difusión intracristalina de sodio y calcio en el feldespato plagioclase es demasiado lenta para homogeneizar los granos en las intrusiones enfriadas lentamente. Esto sugiere que la cristalización de equilibrio reactivo no ocurre en sistemas magmáticos secos.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
    • La mineralogía es la Mineralogía.
    • Petrología Petrología.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El feldespato de plagioclase ígneo exhibe gradientes de composición en cuerpos intrusivos enfriados lentamente.
    • Comprender la cinética de difusión es crucial para interpretar los procesos magmáticos.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Determinar el máximo coeficiente de difusión intracristalina para el intercambio NaSi-CaAl en la plagioclase.
    • Para evaluar la ocurrencia de cristalización de equilibrio reactivo en sistemas magmáticos secos.

    Principales métodos:

    • Análisis de los gradientes de composición en el feldespato plagioclase de cuerpos intrusivos enfriados lentamente.
    • Modelado de los procesos de difusión para limitar el coeficiente de difusión.

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    Principales resultados:

    • Se implicó un coeficiente máximo de difusión intracristalina (Dmax) de aproximadamente 10 a 20 cm2/s para el intercambio NaSi-CaAl.
    • Esta tasa de difusión es insuficiente para homogeneizar granos de plagioclasa de tamaño milimétrico en escalas de tiempo geológicas.

    Conclusiones:

    • La cristalización reactiva de equilibrio de plagioclase a partir del derretimiento no ocurre en sistemas secos debido a la cinética de difusión lenta.
    • Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para comprender la evolución del magma y la formación de rocas ígneas.