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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Gravitation01:16

Gravitation

In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the three laws of planetary motion, explaining in detail the geometrical properties of the planetary orbits around the Sun, there was no immediate idea to discern their connection with more fundamental laws. It was Isaac Newton who, in 1665–66, figured out the connection between planetary motion, the motion of the moon around the Earth, and the...
Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to black holes.
Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion01:42

Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion

While simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion may be two separate concepts, they correlate and interlink with each other. Simple harmonic motion is an oscillatory motion in a system where the net force can be described by Hooke's law, while uniform circular motion is the motion of an object in a circular path at constant speed.
There is an easy way to produce simple harmonic motion by using uniform circular motion. For instance, consider a ball attached to a uniformly rotating...
Measuring Acceleration Due to Gravity01:12

Measuring Acceleration Due to Gravity

Consider a coffee mug hanging on a hook in a pantry. If the mug gets knocked, it oscillates back and forth like a pendulum until the oscillations die out.
A simple pendulum can be described as a point mass and a string. Meanwhile, a physical pendulum is any object whose oscillations are similar to a simple pendulum, but cannot be modeled as a point mass on a string because its mass is distributed over a larger area. The behavior of a physical pendulum can be modeled using the principles of...
Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets01:24

Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets

The gravitational acceleration of an object near the Earth's surface is called the acceleration due to gravity. It can be measured by conducting simple experiments on Earth. However, such an experiment is impossible to conduct on the surface of other planets.
Astronomical observations are thus used to measure the acceleration due to gravity on other planets. This can be determined by observing the effect of a planet's gravity on objects close to it. The crucial factor that helps in this...
Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface01:20

Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface

An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's angular speed. Since the...

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Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
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Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

Aceleración de la marea lunar determinada a partir de las medidas de alcance láser.

O Calame, J D Mulholland

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 3, 1978
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los científicos analizaron los datos de alcance láser lunar de 1969-1976 para medir la aceleración secular de la Luna. El estudio determinó una aceleración de -24,6 segundos de arco por siglo al cuadrado, consistente con los efectos de fricción de las mareas.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • * Astronomía y Astrofísica.
    • * Geofísica y Geodesia.
    • * La Mecánica Celestial

    Sus antecedentes:

    • * El movimiento orbital de la Luna está influenciado por la fricción de las mareas de la Tierra, causando una aceleración secular.
    • * Estudios anteriores han estimado esta aceleración, pero las mediciones precisas son cruciales para comprender la dinámica del sistema Tierra-Luna.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • * Para determinar la aceleración secular anómala en la longitud media de la Luna utilizando datos de alcance láser lunar.
    • * Para evaluar la contribución de la fricción de las mareas a esta aceleración.
    • * Explorar la posibilidad de separar los efectos de las mareas de las variaciones de la constante gravitacional.

    Principales métodos:

    • * Análisis de las mediciones de alcance láser lunar (LLR) que abarcan desde 1969 hasta 1976.
    • * Aplicación de varios modelos de observación y conjuntos de datos para derivar la aceleración.
    • * Comparación de los valores determinados con escalas de tiempo atómicas y estimaciones convencionales.

    Principales resultados:

    • * La aceleración secular determinada es de -24.6 ± 1.6 segundos de arco por siglo al cuadrado.
    • * Este valor se alinea bien con los valores convencionales establecidos y los hallazgos recientes de otros métodos.
    • * Un intento de determinar la tasa de cambio de la distancia media de la Luna no produjo resultados significativos debido a la insuficiente duración de la observación.

    Conclusiones:

    • * El estudio confirma la aceleración secular anómala de la Luna, atribuida en gran medida a la fricción de las mareas.
    • * Los datos del LLR proporcionan un método robusto para refinar las estimaciones de los parámetros orbitales lunares.
    • * Se requieren líneas de base de observación más largas para investigar las variaciones potenciales en constantes fundamentales como la constante gravitacional.