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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

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El antiferromagnetismo en el Fe2SiO4 amorfizado a presión.

M B Kruger, R Jeanloz, M P Pasternak

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 7, 1992

Resumen

El silicato de hierro amorfo (Fe2SiO4) muestra una temperatura de transición magnética idéntica a su forma cristalina. Este hallazgo desafía los comportamientos típicos observados en otros sistemas magnéticos desordenados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
El magnetismo es el magnetismo.

Sus antecedentes:

Los sistemas desordenados a menudo muestran propiedades magnéticas únicas debido a la frustración del giro.
La temperatura de transición Néel en materiales amorfos suele diferir de sus contrapartes cristalinas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar las propiedades magnéticas del silicato de hierro amorfo (Fe ((2) SiO ((4)) sintetizado bajo alta presión.
Para comparar la temperatura de transición magnética del amorfo Fe(2) SiO(4) con su forma cristalina.

Principales métodos:

Síntesis del amorfo Fe(2)SiO(4) a altas presiones.
Medición de las propiedades magnéticas, específicamente la temperatura de transición Néel (T(N)).

Principales resultados:

El amorfo Fe(2)SiO(4) exhibe una transición Néel a 65 (+/-2) Kelvin a presión cero.
Esta temperatura de transición es idéntica a la observada en el cristalino Fe(2) SiO(4).

Conclusiones:

El comportamiento magnético del amorfo Fe ((2) SiO ((4) es inusual en comparación con otros sistemas magnéticos desordenados.
La frustración del espín no suprime significativamente la transición Néel en este silicato de hierro amorfo.