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La evidencia de un cultivo y una cronología de los humedales con patrones en el centro de Veracruz, México
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 7, 1988
Resumen
Los habitantes prehispánicos de Mesoamérica practicaban una sofisticada agricultura de humedales, utilizando plataformas de siembra y canales. La evidencia de fitolitos de maíz y cerámica confirma esta antigua técnica agrícola para el año 500 d.C.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Arqueología y estudios paleoambientales.
- Historia de la agricultura de Mesoamérica Historia de la agricultura de Mesoamérica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los entornos de humedales en las tierras bajas de Mesoamérica exhiben patrones únicos.
- Este patrón sugiere una contribución significativa a los sistemas regionales de subsistencia.
- La atribución a los habitantes prehispánicos es un foco clave de la investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las prácticas agrícolas de las poblaciones mesoamericanas prehispánicas.
- Para determinar la extensión y el momento de la agricultura de humedales en la región.
- Para analizar la evidencia física, química y biológica de la agricultura antigua.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los patrones de vegetación superficial para inferir estructuras agrícolas (plataformas de siembra, canales).
- Análisis estratigráfico (físico y químico) para comprender los entornos de deposición.
- Identificación y análisis de fitolitos de maíz de núcleos de sedimentos.
- Análisis cerámico para establecer el contexto cronológico.
Principales resultados:
- La estratigrafía aclaró los entornos de deposición, pero no indicó directamente los horizontes agrícolas.
- Fitolitos de maíz encontrados a un metro bajo la superficie en los humedales del centro de Veracruz confirman la agricultura.
- Las cerámicas asociadas datan la práctica de la agricultura de humedales al menos del año 500 d.C.
Conclusiones:
- Los habitantes prehispánicos de Mesoamérica desarrollaron y utilizaron una avanzada agricultura de humedales.
- Los hallazgos confirman la práctica de la agricultura en los humedales del centro de Veracruz hacia el año 500 d.C.
- Esta investigación mejora la comprensión de las antiguas estrategias de subsistencia mesoamericanas.
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