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Published on: November 11, 2013

La hambruna: causas, prevención y socorro.

J W Mellor, S Gavian

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 30, 1987
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Las hambrunas son el resultado de la disminución de la producción de alimentos, a menudo agravada por factores económicos y políticas gubernamentales. Abordar la escasez de recursos y promover el desarrollo son cruciales para la prevención del hambre, especialmente en África.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Ciencias Agrícolas Ciencias Agrícolas
    • Economía del desarrollo Economía del desarrollo.
    • Políticas públicas y políticas públicas.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Las hambrunas provienen de disminuciones plurianuales en la producción de alimentos debido a condiciones climáticas adversas o conflictos.
    • Factores económicos como la volatilidad de los precios, el desempleo y el agotamiento de los activos exacerban las condiciones de hambruna, lo que lleva a un aumento de la mortalidad.
    • Las políticas gubernamentales juegan un papel fundamental en la determinación de la gravedad y la propagación de la hambruna.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Analizar las causas y los factores que contribuyen a la hambruna.
    • Evaluar la efectividad de las políticas gubernamentales en la mitigación de la hambruna.
    • Identificar los desafíos clave y las posibles soluciones para reducir la vulnerabilidad al hambre, particularmente en África.

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    Principales métodos:

    • Análisis cualitativo de los eventos históricos de hambruna.
    • Estudio comparativo de los resultados de la hambruna en diferentes regiones (India, Bangladesh, África).
    • Revisión de los factores socioeconómicos y políticos que influyen en la seguridad alimentaria.

    Principales resultados:

    • El éxito en el control de la hambruna demostrado por la India y Bangladesh.
    • Los persistentes desafíos del hambre en África están relacionados con los disturbios civiles y las limitaciones de recursos (personal, instituciones, infraestructura).
    • La política gubernamental es un determinante importante para prevenir el hambre generalizada.

    Conclusiones:

    • El desarrollo económico general y el consenso político son esenciales para reducir la vulnerabilidad de África a la hambruna.
    • La ayuda exterior dirigida puede ayudar significativamente a mitigar el hambre.
    • Abordar los problemas subyacentes de la escasez y la inestabilidad de los recursos es clave para la seguridad alimentaria a largo plazo.