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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization01:04

IR Absorption Frequency: Delocalization

Electron delocalization refers to the distribution of electrons across multiple atoms within a molecule rather than being confined to a single atom or bond. This phenomenon is common in systems with conjugated bonds—structures where alternating single and double bonds allow π-electrons to move freely across the network. The movement of electrons stabilizes the molecule and can affect various chemical properties, including vibrational frequencies observed in IR spectroscopy.
In IR spectroscopy,...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
11:34

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Los portadores de la banda interestelar difusa molecular en el rectángulo rojo.

P J Sarre, J R Miles, S M Scarrott

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |August 4, 1995
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los investigadores identificaron los portadores moleculares de bandas de emisión no identificadas en la nebulosa del Rectángulo Rojo. Estas moléculas también producen bandas difusas de absorción interestelar, lo que indica que existen en forma molecular en fase gaseosa.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • La astrofísica es la astrofísica.
    • La espectroscopia es una técnica de espectroscopia.
    • La astroquímica es astroquímica.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El Rectángulo Rojo es una nebulosa bicónica única con bandas de emisión no identificadas.
    • Las bandas interestelares difusas (DIB) se observan en el espacio interestelar, pero sus portadores siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para investigar la naturaleza de las bandas de emisión no identificadas en la nebulosa del Rectángulo Rojo.
    • Para determinar si estas bandas de emisión comparten portadores con bandas de absorción interestelar difusa conocidas.

    Principales métodos:

    • Espectroscopia óptica de alta resolución de la nebulosa del Rectángulo Rojo.
    • Análisis de longitudes y anchos de onda de la banda de emisión en función de la distancia desde la estrella central HD 44179.9.
    • Comparación de las propiedades de la banda del Rectángulo Rojo con bandas de absorción interestelar difusa conocidas.

    Principales resultados:

    • Las bandas de emisión observadas en el Rectángulo Rojo muestran que las longitudes de onda y anchos de pico disminuyen a medida que aumenta la distancia desde la estrella central.
    • Estas bandas convergen a valores que coinciden con las bandas de absorción interestelar difusa conocidas (por ejemplo, 5797, 5850, 6614 angstroms).
    • Las mismas especies moleculares son responsables tanto de las bandas de emisión del Rectángulo Rojo como de las bandas de absorción interestelar difusa específica.

    Conclusiones:

    • Los portadores de estas bandas de emisión no identificadas del Rectángulo Rojo son moléculas de la fase gaseosa.
    • Estas moléculas también son responsables de ciertas bandas difusas de absorción interestelar, que vinculan la emisión nebulosa con la química interestelar.