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La predicción de la erupción ayudada por los datos electrónicos del tiltmeter en el monte St. Helens
Resumen
Los medidores de inclinación electrónicos predijeron con precisión las erupciones efusivas del Monte St. Helens al detectar la inclinación del suelo del cráter. Las intrusiones de magma causaron una elevación, seguida de un hundimiento justo antes de la extrusión de lava.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Volcanología Volcanología.
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El Monte St. Helens experimentó erupciones efusivas entre junio de 1981 y agosto de 1982.
- Comprender los precursores de las erupciones es crucial para la evaluación del peligro volcánico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la eficacia de la telemetría electrónica del tiltmeter en la predicción de erupciones volcánicas efusivas.
- Para analizar los patrones de deformación que preceden a los eventos de extrusión de magma.
Principales métodos:
- Despliegue de tiltmeters electrónicos dentro del cráter del Monte St. Helens.
- Monitoreo continuo de los datos de inclinación del suelo.
- Correlación de las lecturas del tiltmeter con el tiempo de erupción.
Principales resultados:
- Los datos de telemetría predijeron con precisión las seis erupciones efusivas durante el período de estudio.
- Los patrones de inclinación previos a la erupción incluyeron varias semanas de inclinación inicial, seguidas de una aceleración aguda y luego un cambio de dirección antes de la extrusión.
- Los episodios de elevación se vincularon con intrusiones de magma poco profundas que inflaron la cúpula de lava.
Conclusiones:
- Los medidores de inclinación electrónicos proporcionan predicciones confiables a corto plazo para erupciones efusivas.
- Los patrones de deformación observados (elevación y hundimiento) son indicadores directos del movimiento de magma poco profundo y la presurización del domo.
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