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La erupción desencadenó una avalancha, inundación y lahar en el monte St. Helens, efectos de la capa de nieve
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 30, 1983
Resumen
El Monte St. Helens entró en erupción explosivamente en 1982, desencadenando una enorme avalancha de nieve. Esta interacción derritió la nieve, causando una destructiva inundación y lahar que impactó en el río Toutle.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Volcanología Volcanología.
- Glaciología glaciología.
- Peligros naturales Los peligros naturales.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las erupciones volcánicas pueden interactuar con la capa de nieve, lo que lleva a peligros secundarios.
- La erupción del Monte St. Helens en 1982 proporciona un estudio de caso para las interacciones nieve-volcán.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar el impacto de los productos de la erupción caliente en una espesa capa de nieve durante la erupción del Monte St. Helens en 1982.
- Comprender la formación y las consecuencias de una inundación volcánica y lahar provocado por el derretimiento de la nieve.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis observacional de los productos de la erupción y la interacción de la capa de nieve.
- Reconstrucción de la secuencia de eventos que condujeron a la inundación y la formación de lahares.
Principales resultados:
- La piedra pómez caliente, las rocas cúpulas y el gas de la erupción desplazaron la nieve de la pared del cráter, causando una avalancha.
- El rápido derretimiento de la nieve del cráter formó un lago transitorio.
- El lago se desbordó, generando una destructiva inundación y lahar por el río North Fork Toutle.
Conclusiones:
- La interacción entre los materiales volcánicos y la capa de nieve amplificó significativamente el impacto de la erupción.
- Las inundaciones y lahares inducidos por el derretimiento de la nieve son peligros secundarios críticos asociados con eventos volcánicos en regiones cubiertas de nieve.
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