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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
Published on: October 7, 2020
Óxido nitroso: emisión de los suelos durante la nitrificación del nitrógeno del fertilizante
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 20, 1978
Resumen
Se pueden reducir las emisiones de óxido nitroso (N2O) de los suelos, una amenaza para la capa de ozono. La nitrapirina inhibe efectivamente la nitrificación del suelo, una fuente clave de estas emisiones dañinas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
- Química del medio ambiente Química del medio ambiente
- Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
Sus antecedentes:
- El óxido nitroso (N2O) es un potente gas de efecto invernadero y una sustancia que agota la capa de ozono.
- Los procesos microbianos del suelo, nitrificación y desnitrificación, son las principales fuentes de N2O atmosférico.
- La aplicación de fertilizantes contribuye significativamente a las emisiones de N2O, lo que plantea riesgos ambientales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el impacto del óxido nitroso derivado de fertilizantes en la capa de ozono estratosférica.
- Evaluar la eficacia de la nitrapirina en la mitigación de las emisiones de N2O de los suelos agrícolas.
Principales métodos:
- Monitoreo de la liberación de óxido nitroso de los suelos en condiciones aeróbicas y anaeróbicas.
- Evaluación de las tasas de nitrificación y desnitrificación en suelos fertilizados.
- Aplicación y evaluación de la nitrapirina como inhibidor de la nitrificación.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron importantes emisiones de óxido nitroso durante la nitrificación de amoníaco y fertilizantes productores de amoníaco.
- El N2O derivado de fertilizantes representa una amenaza potencial para la capa de ozono estratosférica.
- La aplicación de nitrapirina redujo sustancialmente las emisiones de óxido nitroso al inhibir la nitrificación del suelo.
Conclusiones:
- Las prácticas agrícolas, en particular la fertilización de nitrógeno, contribuyen al óxido nitroso atmosférico.
- La nitrapirina es una herramienta eficaz para reducir las emisiones de N2O del suelo.
- La mitigación de las emisiones de N2O a través de inhibidores de nitrificación es crucial para proteger la capa de ozono y el clima.
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