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El destino del aceite de amoco cadiz
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 8, 1983
Resumen
El derrame de petróleo Amoco Cadiz de 1978 se dispersó significativamente, con mucho petróleo entrando en la columna de agua, los sedimentos y las zonas intermareales. Los niveles elevados de hidrocarburos persisten en estuarios y pantanos fuertemente oleados tres años después.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.
Sus antecedentes:
- El derrame de petróleo Amoco Cádiz en marzo de 1978 fue un evento catastrófico, liberando 223.000 toneladas métricas de petróleo crudo.
- Sigue siendo el derrame de petroleros más grande y más estudiado de la historia, proporcionando datos críticos sobre el destino y el impacto del petróleo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar la distribución y el destino del petróleo del derrame Amoco Cadiz.
- Evaluar los impactos ambientales a corto y mediano plazo del derrame de petróleo en los ecosistemas marinos.
Principales métodos:
- Seguimiento de la dispersión física y química del petróleo derramado.
- Monitoreo de las concentraciones de hidrocarburos en varios compartimentos ambientales (columna de agua, sedimentos, zonas intermareales).
- Evaluación de la tasa de degradación microbiológica del petróleo en el mar.
Principales resultados:
- Del petróleo total, porciones significativas se incorporaron a la columna de agua (13,5%), se depositaron en sedimentos subtidal (8%) y se lavó en la zona intertidal (28%).
- La evaporación representó una pérdida sustancial (30%), mientras que aproximadamente 10.000 toneladas sufrieron degradación microbiológica en el mar.
- Tres años después del derrame, aunque los efectos agudos disminuyeron, las concentraciones de hidrocarburos se mantuvieron elevadas en los estuarios y pantanos fuertemente afectados.
Conclusiones:
- El derrame de petróleo de Amoco Cadiz demostró patrones complejos de dispersión de petróleo con presencia duradera en entornos costeros sensibles.
- Los estuarios y pantanos son particularmente vulnerables a la contaminación persistente de hidrocarburos después de grandes derrames de petróleo.
- Comprender el destino del petróleo es crucial para las estrategias efectivas de remediación y gestión ambiental.
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