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Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber
Published on: November 18, 2018
Los halocarburos, hidrocarburos y hexafluoruro de azufre atmosféricos: distribuciones globales, fuentes y sumideros
Resumen
Las mediciones atmosféricas globales revelan tiempos de residencia de fluorocarburos, lo que indica que no faltan sumideros. Los datos de metilcloroformo sugieren concentraciones más bajas de radicales hidroxilo y resaltan su potencial para agotar el ozono estratosférico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química de la atmósfera La química de la atmósfera
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Investigación de la capa de ozono Investigación de la capa de ozono.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los fluorocarbonos como el fluorocarbono-12 y el fluorocarbono-11 son componentes atmosféricos significativos.
- Comprender su distribución y sus tiempos de residencia es crucial para el modelado atmosférico y los estudios de agotamiento del ozono.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar el tipo de cambio interhemisférico y los tiempos de residencia atmosférica del fluorocarbono-12 y del fluorocarbono-11.
- Para evaluar la concentración del radical hidroxilo (HO) atmosférico y su distribución.
- Evaluar el papel del metilcloroformo como sustancia que agota la capa de ozono e identificar las fuentes de cloruro de metilo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los datos de distribución global para el fluorocarbono-12 y el fluorocarbono-11.
- Mediciones atmosféricas de cloroformo de metilo.
- Comparación de datos de observación con modelos atmosféricos.
Principales resultados:
- Estableció un tipo de cambio interhemisférico de 1-1,2 años para los fluorocarbonos.
- Tiempos de residencia atmosférica determinados de 65-70 años para el fluorocarbono-12 y 40-45 años para el fluorocarbono-11.
- Indica concentraciones globales promedio más bajas de radicales hidroxilo (HO) (3-4 x 10^5 moléculas/cm3) que las predichas por los modelos.
- Se observaron niveles más altos de HO en el hemisferio sur en comparación con el hemisferio norte.
- Identificó el océano como una fuente importante de cloruro de metilo atmosférico (3 x 10 ^ 12 g / año).
Conclusiones:
- Los tiempos de residencia determinados para los fluorocarburos descartan la posibilidad de que falten sumideros significativos.
- El largo tiempo de residencia y la tasa de crecimiento del metilcloroformo representan una amenaza potencial para la capa de ozono estratosférica.
- El sumidero oceánico para el tetracloruro de carbono es significativo, pero el sumidero estratosférico es más importante.
- Los océanos son una fuente primaria de cloruro de metilo atmosférico.
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