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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Solid–Solid Solutions

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

La fusión de sólidos bidimensionales.

W F Brinkman, D S Fisher, D E Moncton

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 20, 1982

Resumen

La fusión de sólidos bidimensionales puede implicar un proceso de dos pasos con una fase hexática intermedia. Los experimentos con cristales líquidos y el xenón en el grafito apoyan esta predicción teórica para las transiciones de fase.

Área de la Ciencia:

Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada Física de la materia condensada
Ciencia de los materiales ciencia de los materiales.
La mecánica estadística es la mecánica estadística.

Sus antecedentes:

Los modelos teóricos proponen que la fusión en sólidos bidimensionales comienza con la creación de dislocaciones.
Se teoriza un proceso de fusión en dos pasos, con una fase hexática intermedia.
La fase hexática exhibe un orden de orientación pero carece de un orden atómico posicional.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar las predicciones teóricas de la fusión en dos pasos en sólidos bidimensionales.
Validar experimentalmente la existencia y propiedades de la fase hexática.
Para comparar las observaciones experimentales con modelos teóricos de transiciones de fase.

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Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

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Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

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Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

Principales métodos:

Simulaciones numéricas de sistemas bidimensionales.
Estudios experimentales utilizando electrones en el helio líquido.
Experimentos con películas de cristales líquidos y capas de gases raros (por ejemplo, xenón) adsorbidos en el grafito.

Principales resultados:

Los experimentos con películas de cristales líquidos proporcionan evidencia de un análogo tridimensional de la fase hexática.
El xenón en el grafito muestra una transición de fusión consistente con las predicciones teóricas.
Las simulaciones numéricas ayudan a comprender los mecanismos de fusión mediada por dislocación.

Conclusiones:

Los hallazgos apoyan la teoría de un proceso de fusión en dos pasos que involucra una fase hexática en sistemas bidimensionales.
La evidencia experimental de diversos sistemas se alinea con las predicciones teóricas para las transiciones de fase.
La fusión mediada por dislocación es un mecanismo clave en el comportamiento de fase de los materiales de dimensión reducida.