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Updated: Jul 12, 2026
07:20
Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
Published on: October 6, 2023
Resumen
Se descubrieron éteres de la corona, poliéteres macrocíclicos, para cationes de metales alcalinos complejos como el sodio. Estos compuestos facilitan la solubilización de sales inorgánicas en disolventes, demostrando su utilidad en aplicaciones químicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química orgánica es la química orgánica.
- Química supramolecular de las moléculas.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los éteres de la corona se descubrieron durante la investigación sobre el control de la actividad catalítica del vanadio y el cobre utilizando ligandos multidentados.
- La síntesis inicial tenía como objetivo crear un ligando fenólico a partir del catecol y el éter bis ((2-cloroetil).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para sintetizar y caracterizar nuevos compuestos de éter de corona.
- Para investigar las capacidades de complejación de éteres de corona con cationes de metales alcalinos.
- Para explorar la solubilización de sales inorgánicas en disolventes aproticos.
Principales métodos:
- Síntesis de dibenzo-18-corona-6 a partir del catecol y el éter bis-cloretilo.
- Preparación de aproximadamente 60 compuestos de éter de corona relacionados con diferentes tamaños de anillos y contenido de átomos de oxígeno.
- Investigación de la complicación con cationes de sodio, potasio y cesio.
- Demostración de la solubilización de sales inorgánicas en disolventes aproticos.
Principales resultados:
- El primer éter de la corona, dibenzo-18-corona-6, fue sintetizado, exhibiendo complejación de cationes de sodio.
- Se identificaron tamaños óptimos de anillos de poliéter para diferentes cationes de metales alcalinos (15-18 para Na, 18 para K, 18-21 para Cs).
- Se prepararon con éxito complejos de éter de corona con relaciones catiónicas de 1:1, 3:2, y 2:1.
- Se demostró una solubilización efectiva de sales inorgánicas en disolventes aproticos utilizando éteres de corona.
Conclusiones:
- Los éteres de la corona son agentes quelantes efectivos para los cationes de metales alcalinos, con selectividad de tamaño.
- La capacidad de los éteres de la corona para solubilizar sales inorgánicas tiene implicaciones significativas para varios procesos químicos.
- El descubrimiento abrió caminos para sintetizar una amplia gama de poliéteres macrocíclicos con propiedades sintonizables.
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02:36Crown Ethers
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
02:28Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers
Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent groups, ethers can be classified into two...
02:29Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis
Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
02:23Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides
Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
02:17Physical Properties of Ethers
Overview
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
Ethers can act as hydrogen bond acceptors, making them more water-soluble than hydrocarbons, but since ethers cannot act as hydrogen bond donors, they are much less soluble in water than alcohols. Ethers are considered...
02:35Ethers from Alkenes: Alcohol Addition and Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration
Overview
Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration.
Preparation of Ethers by Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Alcohol to Alkenes
The acid-catalyzed addition of alcohol to an alkene involves treating the alkene with an excess of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ether under suitable conditions. The hydrogen will add to the less substituted carbon so that the nucleophile can attack the more substituted...
Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration.
Preparation of Ethers by Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Alcohol to Alkenes
The acid-catalyzed addition of alcohol to an alkene involves treating the alkene with an excess of alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ether under suitable conditions. The hydrogen will add to the less substituted carbon so that the nucleophile can attack the more substituted...