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El chichón: composición de gases y partículas de las plumas
Resumen
El volcán El Chichón liberó cantidades significativas de elementos volátiles como el azufre y el mercurio. Estos elementos, particularmente el arsénico, estaban concentrados en partículas más pequeñas de ceniza volcánica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
- Volcanología Volcanología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El volcán El Chichón en México entró en erupción en 1982.
- Las plumas volcánicas contienen trazas de gases, partículas y ácidos volátiles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar gases traza y partículas en el penacho volcánico de El Chichón.
- Para cuantificar las emisiones de oligoelementos y su distribución de tamaño de partícula.
Principales métodos:
- Muestreo de pluma volcánica basado en aeronaves.
- Análisis de activación de neutrones para la concentración elemental.
- Normalización a las tasas de emisión de azufre para la estimación del flujo.
Principales resultados:
- El sulfuro de hidrógeno era el gas de azufre dominante.
- Los elementos volátiles (S, Cl, As, Se, Br, Sb, I, W, Hg) estaban muy enriquecidos (60-20,000x) en el penacho.
- Se encontraron arsénico, antimonio y selenio en partículas pequeñas (<3 micrómetros).
- La ceniza estratosférica de erupciones violentas mostró un enriquecimiento elemental más alto (10-30x) que el material de pluma quiescente.
Conclusiones:
- Las emisiones volcánicas tienen un impacto significativo en la composición de la atmósfera.
- La partición de los elementos traza en partículas varía según el elemento y el tamaño de la partícula.
- Las erupciones violentas tienen un mayor impacto en la carga elemental estratosférica.
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