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Límites entre el núcleo y el manto de la Tierra: resultados de experimentos a altas presiones y temperaturas
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 22, 1991
Resumen
El hierro líquido reacciona con silicatos del manto a presiones extremas, formando nuevas aleaciones y minerales. Estas reacciones en la capa D" de la Tierra explican las anomalías de las ondas sísmicas y pueden influir en la geodinámica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Física mineral Física de los minerales
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El límite entre el núcleo y el manto de la Tierra (CMB) es una región de intensas interacciones químicas y físicas.
- La capa D ", la más baja de 200-300 km del manto, exhibe complejas propiedades sísmicas.
- Comprender las reacciones de alta presión y alta temperatura entre los materiales del núcleo y el manto es crucial para la geodinámica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la reactividad química entre el hierro líquido y la perovskita de silicato en condiciones de límite núcleo-manto.
- Para determinar los productos de estas reacciones de alta presión.
- Evaluar las implicaciones de estas reacciones para la heterogeneidad de la capa D" y la propagación de ondas sísmicas.
Principales métodos:
- Experimentos de laboratorio que simulan presiones y temperaturas en el límite entre el núcleo y el manto (hasta 14 x 10^10 Pascals).
- Análisis de productos de reacción, incluyendo aleaciones metálicas y fases de silicato.
- Integración de hallazgos experimentales con datos sismológicos.
Principales resultados:
- El hierro líquido reacciona químicamente con la perovskita (Mg,Fe) SiO 3), el mineral dominante del manto inferior.
- Los productos de reacción incluyen aleaciones metálicas (por ejemplo, FeO, FeSi) y silicatos no metálicos (por ejemplo, stishovita, MgSiO) y perovskita.
- La evidencia experimental apoya una heterogeneidad química significativa en la capa D1 debido a las interacciones núcleo-manto.
Conclusiones:
- Las reacciones químicas en el CMB crean una capa límite compleja que influye en el comportamiento de las ondas sísmicas.
- La heterogeneidad observada en la capa D" es probablemente una consecuencia de las reacciones silicato-hierro.
- Estas reacciones pueden desempeñar un papel en la modulación del campo magnético de la Tierra.
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